1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
mod flush;
mod write;
mod write_all;
mod write_fmt;
mod write_vectored;
use flush::FlushFuture;
use write::WriteFuture;
use write_all::WriteAllFuture;
use write_fmt::WriteFmtFuture;
use write_vectored::WriteVectoredFuture;
use crate::io::{self, IoSlice};
extension_trait! {
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
use crate::task::{Context, Poll};
#[doc = r#"
Allows writing to a byte stream.
This trait is a re-export of [`futures::io::AsyncWrite`] and is an async version of
[`std::io::Write`].
Methods other than [`poll_write`], [`poll_write_vectored`], [`poll_flush`], and
[`poll_close`] do not really exist in the trait itself, but they become available when
[`WriteExt`] from the [prelude] is imported:
```
# #[allow(unused_imports)]
use async_std::prelude::*;
```
[`std::io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html
[`futures::io::AsyncWrite`]:
https://docs.rs/futures-preview/0.3.0-alpha.17/futures/io/trait.AsyncWrite.html
[`poll_write`]: #tymethod.poll_write
[`poll_write_vectored`]: #method.poll_write_vectored
[`poll_flush`]: #tymethod.poll_flush
[`poll_close`]: #tymethod.poll_close
[`WriteExt`]: ../io/prelude/trait.WriteExt.html
[prelude]: ../prelude/index.html
"#]
pub trait Write {
#[doc = r#"
Attempt to write bytes from `buf` into the object.
"#]
fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>>;
#[doc = r#"
Attempt to write bytes from `bufs` into the object using vectored IO operations.
"#]
fn poll_write_vectored(
self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
#[doc = r#"
Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach
their destination.
"#]
fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>>;
#[doc = r#"
Attempt to close the object.
"#]
fn poll_close(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>>;
}
#[doc = r#"
Extension methods for [`Write`].
[`Write`]: ../trait.Write.html
"#]
pub trait WriteExt: futures_io::AsyncWrite {
#[doc = r#"
Writes some bytes into the byte stream.
Returns the number of bytes written from the start of the buffer.
If the return value is `Ok(n)` then it must be guaranteed that
`0 <= n <= buf.len()`. A return value of `0` typically means that the underlying
object is no longer able to accept bytes and will likely not be able to in the
future as well, or that the buffer provided is empty.
# Examples
```no_run
# fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
#
use async_std::fs::File;
use async_std::prelude::*;
let mut file = File::create("a.txt").await?;
let n = file.write(b"hello world").await?;
#
# Ok(()) }) }
```
"#]
fn write<'a>(
&'a mut self,
buf: &'a [u8],
) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<usize>> + 'a [WriteFuture<'a, Self>]
where
Self: Unpin,
{
WriteFuture { writer: self, buf }
}
#[doc = r#"
Flushes the stream to ensure that all buffered contents reach their destination.
# Examples
```no_run
# fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
#
use async_std::fs::File;
use async_std::prelude::*;
let mut file = File::create("a.txt").await?;
file.write_all(b"hello world").await?;
file.flush().await?;
#
# Ok(()) }) }
```
"#]
fn flush(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>> + '_ [FlushFuture<'_, Self>]
where
Self: Unpin,
{
FlushFuture { writer: self }
}
#[doc = r#"
Like [`write`], except that it writes from a slice of buffers.
Data is copied from each buffer in order, with the final buffer read from possibly
being only partially consumed. This method must behave as a call to [`write`] with
the buffers concatenated would.
The default implementation calls [`write`] with either the first nonempty buffer
provided, or an empty one if none exists.
[`write`]: #tymethod.write
"#]
fn write_vectored<'a>(
&'a mut self,
bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'a>],
) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<usize>> + 'a [WriteVectoredFuture<'a, Self>]
where
Self: Unpin,
{
WriteVectoredFuture { writer: self, bufs }
}
#[doc = r#"
Writes an entire buffer into the byte stream.
This method will continuously call [`write`] until there is no more data to be
written or an error is returned. This method will not return until the entire
buffer has been successfully written or such an error occurs.
[`write`]: #tymethod.write
# Examples
```no_run
# fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
#
use async_std::fs::File;
use async_std::prelude::*;
let mut file = File::create("a.txt").await?;
file.write_all(b"hello world").await?;
#
# Ok(()) }) }
```
[`write`]: #tymethod.write
"#]
fn write_all<'a>(
&'a mut self,
buf: &'a [u8],
) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>> + 'a [WriteAllFuture<'a, Self>]
where
Self: Unpin,
{
WriteAllFuture { writer: self, buf }
}
#[doc = r#"
Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.
This method will continuously call [`write`] until there is no more data to be
written or an error is returned. This future will not resolve until the entire
buffer has been successfully written or such an error occurs.
[`write`]: #tymethod.write
# Examples
```no_run
# fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
#
use async_std::io::prelude::*;
use async_std::fs::File;
let mut buffer = File::create("foo.txt").await?;
// this call
write!(buffer, "{:.*}", 2, 1.234567).await?;
// turns into this:
buffer.write_fmt(format_args!("{:.*}", 2, 1.234567)).await?;
#
# Ok(()) }) }
```
"#]
fn write_fmt<'a>(
&'a mut self,
fmt: std::fmt::Arguments<'_>,
) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>> + 'a [WriteFmtFuture<'a, Self>]
where
Self: Unpin,
{
let mut string = String::new();
let res = std::fmt::write(&mut string, fmt)
.map(|_| string.into_bytes())
.map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "formatter error"));
WriteFmtFuture { writer: self, res: Some(res), buffer: None, amt: 0 }
}
}
impl<T: Write + Unpin + ?Sized> Write for Box<T> {
fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_close(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
}
impl<T: Write + Unpin + ?Sized> Write for &mut T {
fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_close(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
}
impl<P> Write for Pin<P>
where
P: DerefMut + Unpin,
<P as Deref>::Target: Write,
{
fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_close(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
}
impl Write for Vec<u8> {
fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
fn poll_close(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
unreachable!("this impl only appears in the rendered docs")
}
}
}