#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
#![allow(clippy::redundant_field_names)]

//! Parses and serializes the JSON dependency tree embedded in executables by the
//! [`cargo auditable`](https://github.com/rust-secure-code/cargo-auditable).
//!
//! This crate defines the data structures that a serialized to/from JSON
//! and implements the serialization/deserialization routines via `serde`.
//! It also provides optional conversions from [`cargo metadata`](https://docs.rs/cargo_metadata/)
//! and to [`Cargo.lock`](https://docs.rs/cargo-lock) formats.
//!
//! The [`VersionInfo`] struct is where all the magic happens, see the docs on it for more info.
//!
//! ## Basic usage
//!
//! **Note:** this is a low-level crate that only implements JSON parsing. It rarely should be used directly.
//! You probably want the higher-level [`auditable-info`](https://docs.rs/auditable-info) crate instead.
//!
//! The following snippet demonstrates full extraction pipeline, including
//! platform-specific executable handling via
//! [`auditable-extract`](http://docs.rs/auditable-serde/) and decompression
//! using the safe-Rust [`miniz_oxide`](http://docs.rs/miniz_oxide/):
//!
//! ```rust,ignore
//! use std::io::{Read, BufReader};
//! use std::{error::Error, fs::File, str::FromStr};
//!
//! fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
//!     // Read the input
//!     let f = File::open("target/release/hello-world")?;
//!     let mut f = BufReader::new(f);
//!     let mut input_binary = Vec::new();
//!     f.read_to_end(&mut input_binary)?;
//!     // Extract the compressed audit data
//!     let compressed_audit_data = auditable_extract::raw_auditable_data(&input_binary)?;
//!     // Decompress it with your Zlib implementation of choice. We recommend miniz_oxide
//!     use miniz_oxide::inflate::decompress_to_vec_zlib;
//!     let decompressed_data = decompress_to_vec_zlib(&compressed_audit_data)
//!         .map_err(|_| "Failed to decompress audit data")?;
//!     let decompressed_data = String::from_utf8(decompressed_data)?;
//!     println!("{}", decompressed_data);
//!     // Parse the audit data to Rust data structures
//!     let dependency_tree = auditable_serde::VersionInfo::from_str(&decompressed_data);
//!     Ok(())
//! }
//! ```

mod validation;

use validation::RawVersionInfo;

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[cfg(feature = "toml")]
use cargo_lock;
#[cfg(any(feature = "from_metadata", feature = "toml"))]
use std::convert::TryFrom;
#[cfg(feature = "toml")]
use std::convert::TryInto;
use std::str::FromStr;
#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
use std::{cmp::min, cmp::Ordering::*, collections::HashMap, error::Error, fmt::Display};

/// Dependency tree embedded in the binary.
///
/// Implements `Serialize` and `Deserialize` traits from `serde`, so you can use
/// [all the usual methods from serde-json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/1.0.57/serde_json/#functions)
/// to read and write it.
///
/// `from_str()` that parses JSON is also implemented for your convenience:
/// ```rust
/// use auditable_serde::VersionInfo;
/// use std::str::FromStr;
/// let json_str = r#"{"packages":[{
///     "name":"adler",
///     "version":"0.2.3",
///     "source":"registry"
/// }]}"#;
/// let info = VersionInfo::from_str(json_str).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(&info.packages[0].name, "adler");
/// ```
///
/// If deserialization succeeds, it is guaranteed that there is only one root package,
/// and that are no cyclic dependencies.
///
/// ## Optional features
///
/// If the `from_metadata` feature is enabled, a conversion from
/// [`cargo_metadata::Metadata`](https://docs.rs/cargo_metadata/0.11.1/cargo_metadata/struct.Metadata.html)
/// is possible via the `TryFrom` trait. This is the preferred way to construct this structure.
/// An example demonstrating that can be found
/// [here](https://github.com/rust-secure-code/cargo-auditable/blob/master/auditable-serde/examples/from-metadata.rs).
///
/// If the `toml` feature is enabled, a conversion into the [`cargo_lock::Lockfile`](https://docs.rs/cargo-lock/)
/// struct is possible via the `TryFrom` trait. This can be useful if you need to interoperate with tooling
/// that consumes the `Cargo.lock` file format. An example demonstrating it can be found
/// [here](https://github.com/rust-secure-code/cargo-auditable/blob/master/auditable-serde/examples/json-to-toml.rs).
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone)]
#[serde(try_from = "RawVersionInfo")]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "schema", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
pub struct VersionInfo {
    pub packages: Vec<Package>,
}

/// A single package in the dependency tree
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "schema", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
pub struct Package {
    /// Crate name specified in the `name` field in Cargo.toml file. Examples: "libc", "rand"
    pub name: String,
    /// The package's version in the [semantic version](https://semver.org) format.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "schema", schemars(with = "String"))]
    pub version: semver::Version,
    /// Currently "git", "local", "crates.io" or "registry". Designed to be extensible with other revision control systems, etc.
    pub source: Source,
    /// "build" or "runtime". May be omitted if set to "runtime".
    /// If it's both a build and a runtime dependency, "runtime" is recorded.
    #[serde(default)]
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_default")]
    pub kind: DependencyKind,
    /// Packages are stored in an ordered array both in the `VersionInfo` struct and in JSON.
    /// Here we refer to each package by its index in the array.
    /// May be omitted if the list is empty.
    #[serde(default)]
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_default")]
    pub dependencies: Vec<usize>,
    /// Whether this is the root package in the dependency tree.
    /// There should only be one root package.
    /// May be omitted if set to `false`.
    #[serde(default)]
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_default")]
    pub root: bool,
}

/// Serializes to "git", "local", "crates.io" or "registry". Designed to be extensible with other revision control systems, etc.
#[non_exhaustive]
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone)]
#[serde(from = "&str")]
#[serde(into = "String")]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "schema", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
pub enum Source {
    CratesIo,
    Git,
    Local,
    Registry,
    Other(String),
}

impl From<&str> for Source {
    fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
        match s {
            "crates.io" => Self::CratesIo,
            "git" => Self::Git,
            "local" => Self::Local,
            "registry" => Self::Registry,
            other_str => Self::Other(other_str.to_string()),
        }
    }
}

impl From<Source> for String {
    fn from(s: Source) -> String {
        match s {
            Source::CratesIo => "crates.io".to_owned(),
            Source::Git => "git".to_owned(),
            Source::Local => "local".to_owned(),
            Source::Registry => "registry".to_owned(),
            Source::Other(string) => string,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
impl From<&cargo_metadata::Source> for Source {
    fn from(meta_source: &cargo_metadata::Source) -> Self {
        match meta_source.repr.as_str() {
            "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" => Source::CratesIo,
            source => Source::from(
                source
                    .split('+')
                    .next()
                    .expect("Encoding of source strings in `cargo metadata` has changed!"),
            ),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Copy, Clone, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "schema", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
pub enum DependencyKind {
    // The values are ordered from weakest to strongest so that casting to integer would make sense
    #[serde(rename = "build")]
    Build,
    #[default]
    #[serde(rename = "runtime")]
    Runtime,
}

/// The values are ordered from weakest to strongest so that casting to integer would make sense
#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Copy, Clone)]
enum PrivateDepKind {
    Development,
    Build,
    Runtime,
}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
impl From<PrivateDepKind> for DependencyKind {
    fn from(priv_kind: PrivateDepKind) -> Self {
        match priv_kind {
            PrivateDepKind::Development => {
                panic!("Cannot convert development dependency to serializable format")
            }
            PrivateDepKind::Build => DependencyKind::Build,
            PrivateDepKind::Runtime => DependencyKind::Runtime,
        }
    }
}

fn is_default<T: Default + PartialEq>(value: &T) -> bool {
    let default_value = T::default();
    value == &default_value
}

impl FromStr for VersionInfo {
    type Err = serde_json::Error;
    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
        serde_json::from_str(s)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
impl From<&cargo_metadata::DependencyKind> for PrivateDepKind {
    fn from(kind: &cargo_metadata::DependencyKind) -> Self {
        match kind {
            cargo_metadata::DependencyKind::Normal => PrivateDepKind::Runtime,
            cargo_metadata::DependencyKind::Development => PrivateDepKind::Development,
            cargo_metadata::DependencyKind::Build => PrivateDepKind::Build,
            _ => panic!("Unknown dependency kind"),
        }
    }
}

/// Error returned by the conversion from
/// [`cargo_metadata::Metadata`](https://docs.rs/cargo_metadata/0.11.1/cargo_metadata/struct.Metadata.html)
#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum InsufficientMetadata {
    NoDeps,
    VirtualWorkspace,
}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
impl Display for InsufficientMetadata {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            InsufficientMetadata::NoDeps => {
                write!(f, "Missing dependency information! Please call 'cargo metadata' without '--no-deps' flag.")
            }
            InsufficientMetadata::VirtualWorkspace => {
                write!(f, "Missing root crate! Please call this from a package directory, not workspace root.")
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
impl Error for InsufficientMetadata {}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
impl TryFrom<&cargo_metadata::Metadata> for VersionInfo {
    type Error = InsufficientMetadata;
    fn try_from(metadata: &cargo_metadata::Metadata) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let toplevel_crate_id = metadata
            .resolve
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or(InsufficientMetadata::NoDeps)?
            .root
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or(InsufficientMetadata::VirtualWorkspace)?
            .repr
            .as_str();

        // Walk the dependency tree and resolve dependency kinds for each package.
        // We need this because there may be several different paths to the same package
        // and we need to aggregate dependency types across all of them.
        // Moreover, `cargo metadata` doesn't propagate dependency information:
        // A runtime dependency of a build dependency of your package should be recorded
        // as *build* dependency, but Cargo flags it as a runtime dependency.
        // Hoo boy, here I go hand-rolling BFS again!
        let nodes = &metadata.resolve.as_ref().unwrap().nodes;
        let id_to_node: HashMap<&str, &cargo_metadata::Node> =
            nodes.iter().map(|n| (n.id.repr.as_str(), n)).collect();
        let mut id_to_dep_kind: HashMap<&str, PrivateDepKind> = HashMap::new();
        id_to_dep_kind.insert(toplevel_crate_id, PrivateDepKind::Runtime);
        let mut current_queue: Vec<&cargo_metadata::Node> = vec![id_to_node[toplevel_crate_id]];
        let mut next_step_queue: Vec<&cargo_metadata::Node> = Vec::new();
        while !current_queue.is_empty() {
            for parent in current_queue.drain(..) {
                let parent_dep_kind = id_to_dep_kind[parent.id.repr.as_str()];
                for child in &parent.deps {
                    let child_id = child.pkg.repr.as_str();
                    let dep_kind = strongest_dep_kind(child.dep_kinds.as_slice());
                    let dep_kind = min(dep_kind, parent_dep_kind);
                    let dep_kind_on_previous_visit = id_to_dep_kind.get(child_id);
                    if dep_kind_on_previous_visit.is_none()
                        || &dep_kind > dep_kind_on_previous_visit.unwrap()
                    {
                        // if we haven't visited this node in dependency graph yet
                        // or if we've visited it with a weaker dependency type,
                        // records its new dependency type and add it to the queue to visit its dependencies
                        id_to_dep_kind.insert(child_id, dep_kind);
                        next_step_queue.push(id_to_node[child_id]);
                    }
                }
            }
            std::mem::swap(&mut next_step_queue, &mut current_queue);
        }

        let metadata_package_dep_kind = |p: &cargo_metadata::Package| {
            let package_id = p.id.repr.as_str();
            id_to_dep_kind.get(package_id)
        };

        // Remove dev-only dependencies from the package list and collect them to Vec
        let mut packages: Vec<&cargo_metadata::Package> = metadata
            .packages
            .iter()
            .filter(|p| {
                let dep_kind = metadata_package_dep_kind(p);
                // Dependencies that are present in the workspace but not used by the current root crate
                // will not be in the map we've built by traversing the root crate's dependencies.
                // In this case they will not be in the map at all. We skip them, along with dev-dependencies.
                dep_kind.is_some() && dep_kind.unwrap() != &PrivateDepKind::Development
            })
            .collect();

        // This function is the simplest place to introduce sorting, since
        // it contains enough data to distinguish between equal-looking packages
        // and provide a stable sorting that might not be possible
        // using the data from VersionInfo struct alone.
        //
        // We use sort_unstable here because there is no point in
        // not reordering equal elements, since they're supplied by
        // in arbitrary order by cargo-metadata anyway
        // and the order even varies between executions.
        packages.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| {
            // This is a workaround for Package not implementing Ord.
            // Deriving it in cargo_metadata might be more reliable?
            let names_order = a.name.cmp(&b.name);
            if names_order != Equal {
                return names_order;
            }
            let versions_order = a.name.cmp(&b.name);
            if versions_order != Equal {
                return versions_order;
            }
            // IDs are unique so comparing them should be sufficient
            a.id.repr.cmp(&b.id.repr)
        });

        // Build a mapping from package ID to the index of that package in the Vec
        // because serializable representation doesn't store IDs
        let mut id_to_index = HashMap::new();
        for (index, package) in packages.iter().enumerate() {
            id_to_index.insert(package.id.repr.as_str(), index);
        }

        // Convert packages from cargo-metadata representation to our representation
        let mut packages: Vec<Package> = packages
            .into_iter()
            .map(|p| Package {
                name: p.name.to_owned(),
                version: p.version.clone(),
                source: p.source.as_ref().map_or(Source::Local, Source::from),
                kind: (*metadata_package_dep_kind(p).unwrap()).into(),
                dependencies: Vec::new(),
                root: p.id.repr == toplevel_crate_id,
            })
            .collect();

        // Fill in dependency info from resolved dependency graph
        for node in metadata.resolve.as_ref().unwrap().nodes.iter() {
            let package_id = node.id.repr.as_str();
            if id_to_index.contains_key(package_id) {
                // dev-dependencies are not included
                let package: &mut Package = &mut packages[id_to_index[package_id]];
                // Dependencies
                for dep in node.deps.iter() {
                    // Omit the graph edge if this is a development dependency
                    // to fix https://github.com/rustsec/rustsec/issues/1043
                    // It is possible that something that we depend on normally
                    // is also a dev-dependency for something,
                    // and dev-dependencies are allowed to have cycles,
                    // so we may end up encoding cyclic graph if we don't handle that.
                    let dep_id = dep.pkg.repr.as_str();
                    if strongest_dep_kind(&dep.dep_kinds) != PrivateDepKind::Development {
                        package.dependencies.push(id_to_index[dep_id]);
                    }
                }
                // .sort_unstable() is fine because they're all integers
                package.dependencies.sort_unstable();
            }
        }
        Ok(VersionInfo { packages })
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
fn strongest_dep_kind(deps: &[cargo_metadata::DepKindInfo]) -> PrivateDepKind {
    deps.iter()
        .map(|d| PrivateDepKind::from(&d.kind))
        .max()
        .unwrap_or(PrivateDepKind::Runtime) // for compatibility with Rust earlier than 1.41
}

#[cfg(feature = "toml")]
impl TryFrom<&Package> for cargo_lock::Dependency {
    type Error = cargo_lock::Error;
    fn try_from(input: &Package) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Ok(cargo_lock::Dependency {
            name: cargo_lock::package::Name::from_str(&input.name)?,
            version: input.version.clone(),
            source: (&input.source).into(),
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "toml")]
impl From<&Source> for Option<cargo_lock::SourceId> {
    fn from(source: &Source) -> Self {
        match source {
            Source::CratesIo => Some(
                cargo_lock::package::SourceId::from_url(
                    "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index",
                )
                .unwrap(),
            ),
            _ => None, // we don't store enough info about other sources to reconstruct the URL
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "toml")]
impl TryFrom<&VersionInfo> for cargo_lock::Lockfile {
    type Error = cargo_lock::Error;
    fn try_from(input: &VersionInfo) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let mut root_package: Option<cargo_lock::Package> = None;
        let mut packages: Vec<cargo_lock::Package> = Vec::new();
        for pkg in input.packages.iter() {
            let lock_pkg =
                cargo_lock::package::Package {
                    name: cargo_lock::package::Name::from_str(&pkg.name)?,
                    version: pkg.version.clone(),
                    checksum: Option::None,
                    dependencies: {
                        let result: Result<Vec<_>, _> =
                            pkg.dependencies
                                .iter()
                                .map(|i| {
                                    input.packages.get(*i).ok_or(cargo_lock::Error::Parse(
                            format!("There is no dependency with index {} in the input JSON", i))
                        )?.try_into()
                                })
                                .collect();
                        result?
                    },
                    replace: None,
                    source: (&pkg.source).into(),
                };
            if pkg.root {
                if root_package.is_some() {
                    return Err(cargo_lock::Error::Parse(
                        "More than one root package specified in JSON!".to_string(),
                    ));
                }
                root_package = Some(lock_pkg.clone());
            }
            packages.push(lock_pkg);
        }
        Ok(cargo_lock::Lockfile {
            version: cargo_lock::ResolveVersion::V2,
            packages: packages,
            root: root_package,
            metadata: std::collections::BTreeMap::new(),
            patch: cargo_lock::Patch { unused: Vec::new() },
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #![allow(unused_imports)] // otherwise conditional compilation emits warnings
    use super::*;
    use std::fs;
    use std::{
        convert::TryInto,
        path::{Path, PathBuf},
    };

    #[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
    fn load_metadata(cargo_toml_path: &Path) -> cargo_metadata::Metadata {
        let mut cmd = cargo_metadata::MetadataCommand::new();
        cmd.manifest_path(cargo_toml_path);
        cmd.exec().unwrap()
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
    fn dependency_cycle() {
        let cargo_toml_path = PathBuf::from(std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap())
            .join("tests/fixtures/cargo-audit-dep-cycle/Cargo.toml");
        let metadata = load_metadata(&cargo_toml_path);
        let version_info_struct: VersionInfo = (&metadata).try_into().unwrap();
        let json = serde_json::to_string(&version_info_struct).unwrap();
        VersionInfo::from_str(&json).unwrap(); // <- the part we care about succeeding
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "toml")]
    #[cfg(feature = "from_metadata")]
    fn to_toml() {
        let cargo_toml_path =
            PathBuf::from(std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap()).join("Cargo.toml");
        let metadata = load_metadata(&cargo_toml_path);
        let version_info_struct: VersionInfo = (&metadata).try_into().unwrap();
        let _lockfile_struct: cargo_lock::Lockfile = (&version_info_struct).try_into().unwrap();
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "schema")]
    /// Generate a JsonSchema for VersionInfo
    fn generate_schema() -> schemars::schema::RootSchema {
        let mut schema = schemars::schema_for!(VersionInfo);
        let mut metadata = *schema.schema.metadata.clone().unwrap();

        let title = "cargo-auditable schema".to_string();
        metadata.title = Some(title);
        metadata.id = Some("https://rustsec.org/schemas/cargo-auditable.json".to_string());
        metadata.examples = [].to_vec();
        metadata.description = Some(
            "Describes the `VersionInfo` JSON data structure that cargo-auditable embeds into Rust binaries."
                .to_string(),
        );
        schema.schema.metadata = Some(Box::new(metadata));
        schema
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "schema")]
    fn verify_schema() {
        use schemars::schema::RootSchema;

        let expected = generate_schema();
        // Printing here makes it easier to update the schema when required
        println!(
            "expected schema:\n{}",
            serde_json::to_string_pretty(&expected).unwrap()
        );

        let contents = fs::read_to_string(
            // `CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR` env is path to dir containing auditable-serde's Cargo.toml
            PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
                .parent()
                .unwrap()
                .join("cargo-auditable.schema.json"),
        )
        .expect("error reading existing schema");
        let actual: RootSchema =
            serde_json::from_str(&contents).expect("error deserializing existing schema");

        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }
}