/*
 * Copyright Cedar Contributors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

use crate::ast::*;
use crate::parser::Loc;
use itertools::Itertools;
use miette::{Diagnostic, LabeledSpan};
use smol_str::SmolStr;
use std::sync::Arc;
use thiserror::Error;

/// An error generated while evaluating an expression
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Error)]
#[error("{error_kind}")]
pub struct EvaluationError {
    /// The kind of error that occurred
    error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind,
    /// Optional advice on how to fix the error
    advice: Option<String>,
    /// Source location of the error. (This overrides other sources if present,
    /// but if this is `None`, we'll check for location info in the
    /// `.error_kind`.)
    source_loc: Option<Loc>,
}
// How many attrs will we store in an error before cutting off for performance reasons
const TOO_MANY_ATTRS: usize = 5;

// custom impl of `Diagnostic`
impl Diagnostic for EvaluationError {
    fn help<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Box<dyn std::fmt::Display + 'a>> {
        match (self.error_kind.help(), self.advice.as_ref()) {
            (Some(help), None) => Some(help),
            (None, Some(advice)) => Some(Box::new(advice)),
            (Some(help), Some(advice)) => Some(Box::new(format!("{help}; {advice}"))),
            (None, None) => None,
        }
    }

    fn source_code(&self) -> Option<&dyn miette::SourceCode> {
        self.source_loc
            .as_ref()
            .map(|loc| &loc.src as &dyn miette::SourceCode)
            .or_else(|| self.error_kind.source_code())
    }

    fn labels(&self) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = miette::LabeledSpan> + '_>> {
        self.source_loc
            .as_ref()
            .map(|loc| {
                Box::new(std::iter::once(LabeledSpan::underline(loc.span)))
                    as Box<dyn Iterator<Item = _>>
            })
            .or_else(|| self.error_kind.labels())
    }

    fn code<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Box<dyn std::fmt::Display + 'a>> {
        self.error_kind.code()
    }

    fn severity(&self) -> Option<miette::Severity> {
        self.error_kind.severity()
    }

    fn url<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Box<dyn std::fmt::Display + 'a>> {
        self.error_kind.url()
    }

    fn diagnostic_source(&self) -> Option<&dyn Diagnostic> {
        self.error_kind.diagnostic_source()
    }

    fn related<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = &'a dyn Diagnostic> + 'a>> {
        self.error_kind.related()
    }
}

impl EvaluationError {
    /// Extract the kind of issue detected during evaluation
    pub fn error_kind(&self) -> &EvaluationErrorKind {
        &self.error_kind
    }

    /// Extract the source location of the error, if one is attached
    pub fn source_loc(&self) -> Option<&Loc> {
        self.source_loc.as_ref()
    }

    /// Extract the advice attached to the error, if any
    pub fn advice(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.advice.as_deref()
    }

    /// Set the advice field of an error
    pub fn set_advice(&mut self, advice: String) {
        self.advice = Some(advice);
    }

    /// Return the `EvaluationError`, but with the new `source_loc` (or `None`).
    pub(crate) fn with_maybe_source_loc(self, source_loc: Option<Loc>) -> Self {
        Self { source_loc, ..self }
    }

    /// Construct a [`EntityDoesNotExist`] error
    pub(crate) fn entity_does_not_exist(euid: Arc<EntityUID>, source_loc: Option<Loc>) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::EntityDoesNotExist(euid),
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`EntityAttrDoesNotExist`] error
    pub(crate) fn entity_attr_does_not_exist<'a>(
        entity: Arc<EntityUID>,
        attr: SmolStr,
        source_loc: Option<Loc>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::EntityAttrDoesNotExist { entity, attr },
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`UnspecifiedEntityAccess`] error
    pub(crate) fn unspecified_entity_access(attr: SmolStr, source_loc: Option<Loc>) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::UnspecifiedEntityAccess(attr),
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`RecordAttrDoesNotExist`] error
    pub(crate) fn record_attr_does_not_exist<'a>(
        attr: SmolStr,
        available_attrs: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a SmolStr>,
        source_loc: Option<Loc>,
    ) -> Self {
        let alternatives = available_attrs
            .into_iter()
            .take(TOO_MANY_ATTRS)
            .cloned()
            .collect_vec();
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::RecordAttrDoesNotExist(attr, alternatives),
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`TypeError`] error
    pub(crate) fn type_error(expected: Vec<Type>, actual: &Value) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::TypeError {
                expected,
                actual: actual.type_of(),
            },
            advice: None,
            source_loc: actual.source_loc().cloned(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn type_error_single(expected: Type, actual: &Value) -> Self {
        Self::type_error(vec![expected], actual)
    }

    /// Construct a [`TypeError`] error with the advice field set
    pub(crate) fn type_error_with_advice(
        expected: Vec<Type>,
        actual: &Value,
        advice: String,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::TypeError {
                expected,
                actual: actual.type_of(),
            },
            advice: Some(advice),
            source_loc: actual.source_loc().cloned(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn type_error_with_advice_single(
        expected: Type,
        actual: &Value,
        advice: String,
    ) -> Self {
        Self::type_error_with_advice(vec![expected], actual, advice)
    }

    /// Construct a [`WrongNumArguments`] error
    pub(crate) fn wrong_num_arguments(
        function_name: Name,
        expected: usize,
        actual: usize,
        source_loc: Option<Loc>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::WrongNumArguments {
                function_name,
                expected,
                actual,
            },
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`UnlinkedSlot`] error
    pub(crate) fn unlinked_slot(id: SlotId, source_loc: Option<Loc>) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::UnlinkedSlot(id),
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`FailedExtensionFunctionApplication`] error
    pub(crate) fn failed_extension_function_application(
        extension_name: Name,
        msg: String,
        source_loc: Option<Loc>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::FailedExtensionFunctionApplication {
                extension_name,
                msg,
            },
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`NonValue`] error
    pub(crate) fn non_value(e: Expr) -> Self {
        let source_loc = e.source_loc().cloned();
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::NonValue(e),
            advice: Some("consider using the partial evaluation APIs".into()),
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a [`RecursionLimit`] error
    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
    pub(crate) fn recursion_limit(source_loc: Option<Loc>) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: EvaluationErrorKind::RecursionLimit,
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn extension_function_lookup(
        err: crate::extensions::ExtensionFunctionLookupError,
        source_loc: Option<Loc>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: err.into(),
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn integer_overflow(err: IntegerOverflowError, source_loc: Option<Loc>) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: err.into(),
            advice: None,
            source_loc,
        }
    }
}

impl From<RestrictedExprError> for EvaluationError {
    fn from(err: RestrictedExprError) -> Self {
        Self {
            error_kind: err.into(),
            advice: None,
            source_loc: None, // defer to the source information embedded in the `RestrictedExprError` and thus stored in `error_kind`
        }
    }
}

/// Enumeration of the possible errors that can occur during evaluation
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Diagnostic, Error)]
pub enum EvaluationErrorKind {
    /// Tried to lookup this entity UID, but it didn't exist in the provided
    /// entities
    #[error("entity `{0}` does not exist")]
    EntityDoesNotExist(Arc<EntityUID>),

    /// Tried to get this attribute, but the specified entity didn't
    /// have that attribute
    #[error("`{}` does not have the attribute `{}`", &.entity, &.attr)]
    EntityAttrDoesNotExist {
        /// Entity that didn't have the attribute
        entity: Arc<EntityUID>,
        /// Name of the attribute it didn't have
        attr: SmolStr,
    },

    /// Tried to access an attribute of an unspecified entity
    #[error("cannot access attribute `{0}` of unspecified entity")]
    UnspecifiedEntityAccess(SmolStr),

    /// Tried to get an attribute of a (non-entity) record, but that record
    /// didn't have that attribute
    #[error("record does not have the attribute `{0}`")]
    #[diagnostic(help("available attributes: {}", if .1.len() == TOO_MANY_ATTRS { format!("{:?} (truncated, more attributes may exist)", .1) } else { format!("{:?}", .1) } ))]
    RecordAttrDoesNotExist(SmolStr, Vec<SmolStr>),

    /// An error occurred when looking up an extension function
    #[error(transparent)]
    #[diagnostic(transparent)]
    FailedExtensionFunctionLookup(#[from] crate::extensions::ExtensionFunctionLookupError),

    /// Tried to evaluate an operation on values with incorrect types for that
    /// operation
    // INVARIANT `expected` must be non-empty
    #[error("{}", pretty_type_error(expected, actual))]
    TypeError {
        /// Expected (one of) these types
        expected: Vec<Type>,
        /// Encountered this type instead
        actual: Type,
    },

    /// Wrong number of arguments provided to an extension function
    #[error("wrong number of arguments provided to extension function `{function_name}`: expected {expected}, got {actual}")]
    WrongNumArguments {
        /// arguments to this function
        function_name: Name,
        /// expected number of arguments
        expected: usize,
        /// actual number of arguments
        actual: usize,
    },

    /// Overflow during an integer operation
    #[error(transparent)]
    #[diagnostic(transparent)]
    IntegerOverflow(#[from] IntegerOverflowError),

    /// Error with the use of "restricted" expressions
    #[error(transparent)]
    #[diagnostic(transparent)]
    InvalidRestrictedExpression(#[from] RestrictedExprError),

    /// Thrown when a policy is evaluated with a slot that is not linked to an
    /// [`EntityUID`]
    #[error("template slot `{0}` was not linked")]
    UnlinkedSlot(SlotId),

    /// Evaluation error thrown by an extension function
    #[error("error while evaluating `{extension_name}` extension function: {msg}")]
    FailedExtensionFunctionApplication {
        /// Name of the extension throwing the error
        extension_name: Name,
        /// Error message from the extension
        msg: String,
    },

    /// This error is raised if an expression contains unknowns and cannot be
    /// reduced to a [`Value`]. In order to return partial results, use the
    /// partial evaluation APIs instead.
    #[error("the expression contains unknown(s): `{0}`")]
    NonValue(Expr),

    /// Maximum recursion limit reached for expression evaluation
    #[error("recursion limit reached")]
    RecursionLimit,
}

/// helper function for pretty-printing type errors
/// INVARIANT: `expected` must have at least one value
fn pretty_type_error(expected: &[Type], actual: &Type) -> String {
    match expected.len() {
        // PANIC SAFETY, `expected` is non-empty by invariant
        #[allow(clippy::unreachable)]
        0 => unreachable!("should expect at least one type"),
        // PANIC SAFETY. `len` is 1 in this branch
        #[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
        1 => format!("type error: expected {}, got {}", expected[0], actual),
        _ => {
            format!(
                "type error: expected one of [{}], got {actual}",
                expected.iter().join(", ")
            )
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Diagnostic, Error)]
pub enum IntegerOverflowError {
    /// Overflow during a binary operation
    #[error("integer overflow while attempting to {} the values `{arg1}` and `{arg2}`", match .op { BinaryOp::Add => "add", BinaryOp::Sub => "subtract", BinaryOp::Mul => "multiply", _ => "perform an operation on" })]
    BinaryOp {
        /// overflow while evaluating this operator
        op: BinaryOp,
        /// first argument to that operator
        arg1: Value,
        /// second argument to that operator
        arg2: Value,
    },

    /// Overflow during a unary operation
    #[error("integer overflow while attempting to {} the value `{arg}`", match .op { UnaryOp::Neg => "negate", _ => "perform an operation on" })]
    UnaryOp {
        /// overflow while evaluating this operator
        op: UnaryOp,
        /// argument to that operator
        arg: Value,
    },
}

/// Type alias for convenience
pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, EvaluationError>;