/*!
A utility type that allows you to defer dropping your data to a background
thread. See [`DeferDrop`] for details.

Inspired by [https://abramov.io/rust-dropping-things-in-another-thread](https://abramov.io/rust-dropping-things-in-another-thread)

# Features

- `serde`: when enabled, adds a [`Serialize`] and [`Deserialize`]
  implementation to [`DeferDrop`]
*/

use std::{
    mem::{self, ManuallyDrop},
    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
    thread::{self, JoinHandle},
};

use crossbeam_channel::{self as channel, Sender};
use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

/// Wrapper type that, when dropped, sends the inner value to a global
/// background thread to be dropped. Useful in cases where a value takes a
/// long time to drop (for instance, a windows file that might block on close,
/// or a large data structure that has to extensively recursively trawl
/// itself).
///
/// `DeferDrop` implements `Deref` and `DerefMut`, meaning it can be
/// dereferenced and freely used like a container around its inner type.
///
/// # Notes:
///
/// Carefully consider whether this pattern is necessary for your use case.
/// Like all worker-thread abstractions, sending the value to a separate
/// thread comes with its own costs, so it should only be done if performance
/// profiling indicates that it's a performance gain.
///
/// There is only one global worker thread. Dropped values are enqueued in an
/// unbounded channel to be consumed by this thread; if you produce more
/// garbage than the thread can handle, this will cause unbounded memory
/// consumption. There is currently no way for the thread to signal or block
/// if it is overwhelmed.
///
/// All of the standard non-determinism threading caveats apply here. The
/// objects are guaranteed to be destructed in the order received through a
/// channel, which means that objects sent from a single thread will be
/// destructed in order. However, there is no guarantee about the ordering of
/// interleaved values from different threads. Additionally, there are no
/// guarantees about how long the values will be queued before being dropped,
/// or even that they will be dropped at all. If your `main` thread terminates
/// before all drops could be completed, they will be silently lost (as though
/// via a [`mem::forget`]). This behavior is entirely up to your OS's thread
/// scheduler. There is no way to receive a signal indicating when a particular
/// object was dropped.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use defer_drop::DeferDrop;
/// use std::time::{Instant, Duration};
/// use std::iter::repeat_with;
///
/// let massive_vec: Vec<Vec<i32>> = repeat_with(|| vec![1, 2, 3])
///     .take(1_000_000)
///     .collect();
///
/// let deferred = DeferDrop::new(massive_vec.clone());
///
/// fn timer(f: impl FnOnce()) -> Duration {
///     let start = Instant::now();
///     f();
///     Instant::now() - start
/// }
///
/// let drop1 = timer(move || drop(massive_vec));
/// let drop2 = timer(move || drop(deferred));
///
/// assert!(drop2 < drop1);
/// ```
#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct DeferDrop<T: Send + 'static> {
    inner: ManuallyDrop<T>,
}

impl<T: Send + 'static> DeferDrop<T> {
    /// Create a new `DeferDrop` value.
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(value: T) -> Self {
        DeferDrop {
            inner: ManuallyDrop::new(value),
        }
    }

    /// Unwrap the `DeferDrop`, returning the inner value. This has the effect
    /// of cancelling the deferred drop behavior; ownership of the inner value
    /// is transferred to the caller.
    pub fn into_inner(mut this: Self) -> T {
        let value = unsafe { ManuallyDrop::take(&mut this.inner) };
        mem::forget(this);
        value
    }
}

static GARBAGE_CAN: OnceCell<GarbageCan> = OnceCell::new();

impl<T: Send + 'static> Drop for DeferDrop<T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        GARBAGE_CAN
            .get_or_init(|| GarbageCan::new("defer-drop background thread".to_owned()))
            .throw_away(unsafe { ManuallyDrop::take(&mut self.inner) });
    }
}

impl<T: Send + 'static> From<T> for DeferDrop<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn from(value: T) -> Self {
        Self::new(value)
    }
}

impl<T: Send + 'static> AsRef<T> for DeferDrop<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
        &self.inner
    }
}

impl<T: Send + 'static> AsMut<T> for DeferDrop<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        &mut self.inner
    }
}

impl<T: Send + 'static> Deref for DeferDrop<T> {
    type Target = T;

    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.inner
    }
}

impl<T: Send + 'static> DerefMut for DeferDrop<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        &mut self.inner
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<T: Serialize + Send + 'static> Serialize for DeferDrop<T> {
    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
    where
        S: serde::Serializer,
    {
        self.as_ref().serialize(serializer)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de> + Send + 'static> Deserialize<'de> for DeferDrop<T> {
    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
    where
        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
    {
        T::deserialize(deserializer).map(Self::new)
    }
}

struct GarbageCan {
    sender: Sender<Box<dyn Send>>,
    handle: JoinHandle<()>,
}

impl GarbageCan {
    fn new(name: String) -> Self {
        let (sender, receiver) = channel::unbounded();

        // TODO: drops should never panic, but if one does, we should
        // probably abort the process
        let handle = thread::Builder::new()
            .name(name)
            .spawn(move || receiver.into_iter().for_each(drop))
            .expect("failed to spawn defer-drop background thread");

        Self { sender, handle }
    }

    fn throw_away<T: Send + 'static>(&self, value: T) {
        // Only send to the garbage can if we're not currently in the garbage
        // can; if we are, just drop it eagerly.
        if thread::current().id() != self.handle.thread().id() {
            let boxed = Box::new(value);
            self.sender.send(boxed).unwrap();
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crossbeam_channel as channel;
    use std::{
        sync::{Arc, Mutex},
        thread,
        time::Duration,
    };

    use crate::DeferDrop;

    #[test]
    fn test() {
        /// This struct, when dropped, reports the thread ID of its dropping
        /// thread to the channel
        struct ThreadReporter {
            chan: channel::Sender<thread::ThreadId>,
        }

        impl Drop for ThreadReporter {
            fn drop(&mut self) {
                self.chan.send(thread::current().id()).unwrap();
            }
        }

        let (sender, receiver) = channel::bounded(1);
        let this_thread_id = thread::current().id();

        let thing = DeferDrop::new(ThreadReporter { chan: sender });
        drop(thing);

        match receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1)) {
            Ok(id) => assert_ne!(
                id, this_thread_id,
                "thing wasn't dropped in a different thread"
            ),
            Err(_) => panic!("thing wasn't dropped within one second of being dropped"),
        }
    }

    // Test that `DeferDrop` values that are sent into the dropper thread are
    // dropped locally (that is, they don't re-send into the channel)
    #[test]
    fn test_no_recursive_send() {
        #[allow(dead_code)]
        struct DropOrderRecorder<T> {
            id: u32,
            value: T,
            record: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u32>>>,
        }

        impl<T> Drop for DropOrderRecorder<T> {
            fn drop(&mut self) {
                self.record.lock().unwrap().push(self.id)
            }
        }

        let drop_order_record: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u32>>> = Default::default();

        let value = DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
            id: 0,
            record: drop_order_record.clone(),
            value: [
                DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
                    id: 1,
                    record: drop_order_record.clone(),
                    value: [
                        DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
                            id: 2,
                            record: drop_order_record.clone(),
                            value: (),
                        }),
                        DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
                            id: 3,
                            record: drop_order_record.clone(),
                            value: (),
                        }),
                    ],
                }),
                DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
                    id: 4,
                    record: drop_order_record.clone(),
                    value: [
                        DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
                            id: 5,
                            record: drop_order_record.clone(),
                            value: (),
                        }),
                        DeferDrop::new(DropOrderRecorder {
                            id: 6,
                            record: drop_order_record.clone(),
                            value: (),
                        }),
                    ],
                }),
            ],
        });

        drop(value);

        loop {
            thread::yield_now();
            let lock = drop_order_record.lock().unwrap();
            if lock.len() >= 7 {
                break;
            }
        }

        let lock = drop_order_record.lock().unwrap();

        assert_eq!(lock.as_slice(), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
    }
}