Decode the end of index entry extension, which is no more than a glorified offset to the first byte of all extensions to allow
loading entries and extensions in parallel.
Write this extension to out and generate a hash of hash_kind over all prior_extensions which are specified as (signature, size)
pair. one_past_entries is the offset to the first byte past the entries, which is also the first byte of the signature of the
first extension in prior_extensions. Note that prior_extensions must have been written prior to this one, as the name suggests,
allowing this extension to be the last one in the index file.