http_types/body.rs
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use futures_lite::{io, prelude::*, ready};
use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::task::{Context, Poll};
use crate::{mime, Mime};
use crate::{Status, StatusCode};
pin_project_lite::pin_project! {
/// A streaming HTTP body.
///
/// `Body` represents the HTTP body of both `Request` and `Response`. It's completely
/// streaming, and implements `AsyncBufRead` to make reading from it both convenient and
/// performant.
///
/// Both `Request` and `Response` take `Body` by `Into<Body>`, which means that passing string
/// literals, byte vectors, but also concrete `Body` instances are all valid. This makes it
/// easy to create both quick HTTP requests, but also have fine grained control over how bodies
/// are streamed out.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::{Body, Response, StatusCode};
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let mut req = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
/// req.set_body("Hello Chashu");
///
/// let mut req = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
/// let cursor = Cursor::new("Hello Nori");
/// let body = Body::from_reader(cursor, Some(10)); // set the body length
/// req.set_body(body);
/// ```
///
/// # Length
///
/// One of the details of `Body` to be aware of is the `length` parameter. The value of
/// `length` is used by HTTP implementations to determine how to treat the stream. If a length
/// is known ahead of time, it's _strongly_ recommended to pass it.
///
/// Casting from `Vec<u8>`, `String`, or similar to `Body` will automatically set the value of
/// `length`.
///
/// # Content Encoding
///
/// By default `Body` will come with a fallback Mime type that is used by `Request` and
/// `Response` if no other type has been set, and no other Mime type can be inferred.
///
/// It's _strongly_ recommended to always set a mime type on both the `Request` and `Response`,
/// and not rely on the fallback mechanisms. However, they're still there if you need them.
pub struct Body {
#[pin]
reader: Box<dyn AsyncBufRead + Unpin + Send + Sync + 'static>,
mime: Mime,
length: Option<usize>,
bytes_read: usize
}
}
impl Body {
/// Create a new empty `Body`.
///
/// The body will have a length of `0`, and the Mime type set to `application/octet-stream` if
/// no other mime type has been set or can be sniffed.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::{Body, Response, StatusCode};
///
/// let mut req = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
/// req.set_body(Body::empty());
/// ```
pub fn empty() -> Self {
Self {
reader: Box::new(io::empty()),
mime: mime::BYTE_STREAM,
length: Some(0),
bytes_read: 0,
}
}
/// Create a `Body` from a reader with an optional length.
///
/// The Mime type is set to `application/octet-stream` if no other mime type has been set or can
/// be sniffed. If a `Body` has no length, HTTP implementations will often switch over to
/// framed messages such as [Chunked
/// Encoding](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Transfer-Encoding).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::{Body, Response, StatusCode};
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let mut req = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
///
/// let cursor = Cursor::new("Hello Nori");
/// let len = 10;
/// req.set_body(Body::from_reader(cursor, Some(len)));
/// ```
pub fn from_reader(
reader: impl AsyncBufRead + Unpin + Send + Sync + 'static,
len: Option<usize>,
) -> Self {
Self {
reader: Box::new(reader),
mime: mime::BYTE_STREAM,
length: len,
bytes_read: 0,
}
}
/// Get the inner reader from the `Body`
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use std::io::prelude::*;
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let cursor = Cursor::new("Hello Nori");
/// let body = Body::from_reader(cursor, None);
/// let _ = body.into_reader();
/// ```
pub fn into_reader(self) -> Box<dyn AsyncBufRead + Unpin + Send + Sync + 'static> {
self.reader
}
/// Create a `Body` from a Vec of bytes.
///
/// The Mime type is set to `application/octet-stream` if no other mime type has been set or can
/// be sniffed. If a `Body` has no length, HTTP implementations will often switch over to
/// framed messages such as [Chunked
/// Encoding](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Transfer-Encoding).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::{Body, Response, StatusCode};
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let mut req = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
///
/// let input = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// req.set_body(Body::from_bytes(input));
/// ```
pub fn from_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Self {
mime: mime::BYTE_STREAM,
length: Some(bytes.len()),
reader: Box::new(io::Cursor::new(bytes)),
bytes_read: 0,
}
}
/// Parse the body into a `Vec<u8>`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::Body;
///
/// let bytes = vec![1, 2, 3];
/// let body = Body::from_bytes(bytes);
///
/// let bytes: Vec<u8> = body.into_bytes().await?;
/// assert_eq!(bytes, vec![1, 2, 3]);
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
pub async fn into_bytes(mut self) -> crate::Result<Vec<u8>> {
let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(1024);
self.read_to_end(&mut buf)
.await
.status(StatusCode::UnprocessableEntity)?;
Ok(buf)
}
/// Create a `Body` from a String
///
/// The Mime type is set to `text/plain` if no other mime type has been set or can
/// be sniffed. If a `Body` has no length, HTTP implementations will often switch over to
/// framed messages such as [Chunked
/// Encoding](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Transfer-Encoding).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::{Body, Response, StatusCode};
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let mut req = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
///
/// let input = String::from("hello Nori!");
/// req.set_body(Body::from_string(input));
/// ```
pub fn from_string(s: String) -> Self {
Self {
mime: mime::PLAIN,
length: Some(s.len()),
reader: Box::new(io::Cursor::new(s.into_bytes())),
bytes_read: 0,
}
}
/// Read the body as a string
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let cursor = Cursor::new("Hello Nori");
/// let body = Body::from_reader(cursor, None);
/// assert_eq!(&body.into_string().await.unwrap(), "Hello Nori");
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
pub async fn into_string(mut self) -> crate::Result<String> {
let mut result = String::with_capacity(self.len().unwrap_or(0));
self.read_to_string(&mut result)
.await
.status(StatusCode::UnprocessableEntity)?;
Ok(result)
}
/// Creates a `Body` from a type, serializing it as JSON.
///
/// # Mime
///
/// The encoding is set to `application/json`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::{Body, convert::json};
///
/// let body = Body::from_json(&json!({ "name": "Chashu" }));
/// # drop(body);
/// ```
pub fn from_json(json: &impl Serialize) -> crate::Result<Self> {
let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(&json)?;
let body = Self {
length: Some(bytes.len()),
reader: Box::new(io::Cursor::new(bytes)),
mime: mime::JSON,
bytes_read: 0,
};
Ok(body)
}
/// Parse the body as JSON, serializing it to a struct.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use http_types::convert::{Serialize, Deserialize};
///
/// #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
/// struct Cat { name: String }
///
/// let cat = Cat { name: String::from("chashu") };
/// let body = Body::from_json(&cat)?;
///
/// let cat: Cat = body.into_json().await?;
/// assert_eq!(&cat.name, "chashu");
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
pub async fn into_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(mut self) -> crate::Result<T> {
let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(1024);
self.read_to_end(&mut buf).await?;
Ok(serde_json::from_slice(&buf).status(StatusCode::UnprocessableEntity)?)
}
/// Creates a `Body` from a type, serializing it using form encoding.
///
/// # Mime
///
/// The encoding is set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// An error will be returned if the encoding failed.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use http_types::convert::{Serialize, Deserialize};
///
/// #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
/// struct Cat { name: String }
///
/// let cat = Cat { name: String::from("chashu") };
/// let body = Body::from_form(&cat)?;
///
/// let cat: Cat = body.into_form().await?;
/// assert_eq!(&cat.name, "chashu");
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
pub fn from_form(form: &impl Serialize) -> crate::Result<Self> {
let query = serde_urlencoded::to_string(form)?;
let bytes = query.into_bytes();
let body = Self {
length: Some(bytes.len()),
reader: Box::new(io::Cursor::new(bytes)),
mime: mime::FORM,
bytes_read: 0,
};
Ok(body)
}
/// Parse the body from form encoding into a type.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// An error is returned if the underlying IO stream errors, or if the body
/// could not be deserialized into the type.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use http_types::convert::{Serialize, Deserialize};
///
/// #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
/// struct Cat { name: String }
///
/// let cat = Cat { name: String::from("chashu") };
/// let body = Body::from_form(&cat)?;
///
/// let cat: Cat = body.into_form().await?;
/// assert_eq!(&cat.name, "chashu");
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
pub async fn into_form<T: DeserializeOwned>(self) -> crate::Result<T> {
let s = self.into_string().await?;
Ok(serde_urlencoded::from_str(&s).status(StatusCode::UnprocessableEntity)?)
}
/// Create a `Body` from a file.
///
/// The Mime type set to `application/octet-stream` if no other mime type has
/// been set or can be sniffed.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::{Body, Response, StatusCode};
///
/// let mut res = Response::new(StatusCode::Ok);
/// res.set_body(Body::from_file("/path/to/file").await?);
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
#[cfg(all(feature = "fs", not(target_os = "unknown")))]
pub async fn from_file<P>(path: P) -> io::Result<Self>
where
P: AsRef<std::path::Path>,
{
let path = path.as_ref();
let mut file = async_std::fs::File::open(path).await?;
let len = file.metadata().await?.len();
// Look at magic bytes first, look at extension second, fall back to
// octet stream.
let mime = peek_mime(&mut file)
.await?
.or_else(|| guess_ext(path))
.unwrap_or(mime::BYTE_STREAM);
Ok(Self {
mime,
length: Some(len as usize),
reader: Box::new(io::BufReader::new(file)),
bytes_read: 0,
})
}
/// Get the length of the body in bytes.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let cursor = Cursor::new("Hello Nori");
/// let len = 10;
/// let body = Body::from_reader(cursor, Some(len));
/// assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(10));
/// ```
pub fn len(&self) -> Option<usize> {
self.length
}
/// Returns `true` if the body has a length of zero, and `false` otherwise.
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> Option<bool> {
self.length.map(|length| length == 0)
}
/// Returns the mime type of this Body.
pub fn mime(&self) -> &Mime {
&self.mime
}
/// Sets the mime type of this Body.
pub fn set_mime(&mut self, mime: impl Into<Mime>) {
self.mime = mime.into();
}
/// Create a Body by chaining another Body after this one, consuming both.
///
/// If both Body instances have a length, and their sum does not overflow,
/// the resulting Body will have a length.
///
/// If both Body instances have the same fallback MIME type, the resulting
/// Body will have the same fallback MIME type; otherwise, the resulting
/// Body will have the fallback MIME type `application/octet-stream`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # fn main() -> http_types::Result<()> { async_std::task::block_on(async {
/// use http_types::Body;
/// use async_std::io::Cursor;
///
/// let cursor = Cursor::new("Hello ");
/// let body = Body::from_reader(cursor, None).chain(Body::from("Nori"));
/// assert_eq!(&body.into_string().await.unwrap(), "Hello Nori");
/// # Ok(()) }) }
/// ```
pub fn chain(self, other: Body) -> Self {
let mime = if self.mime == other.mime {
self.mime.clone()
} else {
mime::BYTE_STREAM
};
let length = match (self.length, other.length) {
(Some(l1), Some(l2)) => (l1 - self.bytes_read).checked_add(l2 - other.bytes_read),
_ => None,
};
Self {
mime,
length,
reader: Box::new(futures_lite::io::AsyncReadExt::chain(self, other)),
bytes_read: 0,
}
}
}
impl Debug for Body {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("Body")
.field("reader", &"<hidden>")
.field("length", &self.length)
.field("bytes_read", &self.bytes_read)
.finish()
}
}
impl From<serde_json::Value> for Body {
fn from(json_value: serde_json::Value) -> Self {
Self::from_json(&json_value).unwrap()
}
}
impl From<String> for Body {
fn from(s: String) -> Self {
Self::from_string(s)
}
}
impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Body {
fn from(s: &'a str) -> Self {
Self::from_string(s.to_owned())
}
}
impl From<Vec<u8>> for Body {
fn from(b: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Self::from_bytes(b)
}
}
impl<'a> From<&'a [u8]> for Body {
fn from(b: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
Self::from_bytes(b.to_owned())
}
}
impl AsyncRead for Body {
#[allow(missing_doc_code_examples)]
fn poll_read(
mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
cx: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &mut [u8],
) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
let mut buf = match self.length {
None => buf,
Some(length) if length == self.bytes_read => return Poll::Ready(Ok(0)),
Some(length) => {
let max_len = (length - self.bytes_read).min(buf.len());
&mut buf[0..max_len]
}
};
let bytes = ready!(Pin::new(&mut self.reader).poll_read(cx, &mut buf))?;
self.bytes_read += bytes;
Poll::Ready(Ok(bytes))
}
}
impl AsyncBufRead for Body {
#[allow(missing_doc_code_examples)]
fn poll_fill_buf(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<&'_ [u8]>> {
self.project().reader.poll_fill_buf(cx)
}
fn consume(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, amt: usize) {
Pin::new(&mut self.reader).consume(amt)
}
}
/// Look at first few bytes of a file to determine the mime type.
/// This is used for various binary formats such as images and videos.
#[cfg(all(feature = "fs", not(target_os = "unknown")))]
async fn peek_mime(file: &mut async_std::fs::File) -> io::Result<Option<Mime>> {
// We need to read the first 300 bytes to correctly infer formats such as tar.
let mut buf = [0_u8; 300];
file.read(&mut buf).await?;
let mime = Mime::sniff(&buf).ok();
// Reset the file cursor back to the start.
file.seek(io::SeekFrom::Start(0)).await?;
Ok(mime)
}
/// Look at the extension of a file to determine the mime type.
/// This is useful for plain-text formats such as HTML and CSS.
#[cfg(all(feature = "fs", not(target_os = "unknown")))]
fn guess_ext(path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<Mime> {
let ext = path.extension().map(|p| p.to_str()).flatten();
ext.and_then(Mime::from_extension)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
use async_std::io::Cursor;
use serde::Deserialize;
#[async_std::test]
async fn json_status() {
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Foo {
inner: String,
}
let body = Body::empty();
let res = body.into_json::<Foo>().await;
assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().status(), 422);
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn form_status() {
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Foo {
inner: String,
}
let body = Body::empty();
let res = body.into_form::<Foo>().await;
assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().status(), 422);
}
async fn read_with_buffers_of_size<R>(reader: &mut R, size: usize) -> crate::Result<String>
where
R: AsyncRead + Unpin,
{
let mut return_buffer = vec![];
loop {
let mut buf = vec![0; size];
match reader.read(&mut buf).await? {
0 => break Ok(String::from_utf8(return_buffer)?),
bytes_read => return_buffer.extend_from_slice(&buf[..bytes_read]),
}
}
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn attempting_to_read_past_length() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello world"), Some(5));
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 5);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn attempting_to_read_when_length_is_greater_than_content() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello world"), Some(15));
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn attempting_to_read_when_length_is_exactly_right() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello world"), Some(11));
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn reading_in_various_buffer_lengths_when_there_is_no_length() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello world"), None);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_strings() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from("hello ").chain(Body::from("world"));
assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(11));
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::PLAIN);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_mixed_bytes_string() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from(&b"hello "[..]).chain(Body::from("world"));
assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(11));
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_mixed_reader_string() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body =
Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello "), Some(6)).chain(Body::from("world"));
assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(11));
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_mixed_nolen_len() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body =
Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello "), None).chain(Body::from("world"));
assert_eq!(body.len(), None);
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_mixed_len_nolen() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body =
Body::from("hello ").chain(Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("world"), None));
assert_eq!(body.len(), None);
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_short() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..26 {
let mut body = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("hello xyz"), Some(6))
.chain(Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("world abc"), Some(5)));
assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(11));
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_many() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..13 {
let mut body = Body::from("hello")
.chain(Body::from(&b" "[..]))
.chain(Body::from("world"));
assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(11));
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
#[async_std::test]
async fn chain_skip_start() -> crate::Result<()> {
for buf_len in 1..26 {
let mut body1 = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("1234 hello xyz"), Some(11));
let mut buf = vec![0; 5];
body1.read(&mut buf).await?;
assert_eq!(buf, b"1234 ");
let mut body2 = Body::from_reader(Cursor::new("321 world abc"), Some(9));
let mut buf = vec![0; 4];
body2.read(&mut buf).await?;
assert_eq!(buf, b"321 ");
let mut body = body1.chain(body2);
assert_eq!(body.len(), Some(11));
assert_eq!(body.mime(), &mime::BYTE_STREAM);
assert_eq!(
read_with_buffers_of_size(&mut body, buf_len).await?,
"hello world"
);
assert_eq!(body.bytes_read, 11);
}
Ok(())
}
}