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// Copyright 2018 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd. // // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a // copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), // to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation // the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, // and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the // Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: // // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in // all copies or substantial portions of the Software. // // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS // OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE // AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER // LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING // FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER // DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. //! Muxing is the process of splitting a connection into multiple substreams. //! //! The main item of this module is the `StreamMuxer` trait. An implementation of `StreamMuxer` //! has ownership of a connection, lets you open and close substreams, and read/write data //! on open substreams. //! //! > **Note**: You normally don't need to use the methods of the `StreamMuxer` directly, as this //! > is managed by the library's internals. //! //! Each substream of a connection is an isolated stream of data. All the substreams are muxed //! together so that the data read from or written to each substream doesn't influence the other //! substreams. //! //! In the context of libp2p, each substream can use a different protocol. Contrary to opening a //! connection, opening a substream is almost free in terms of resources. This means that you //! shouldn't hesitate to rapidly open and close substreams, and to design protocols that don't //! require maintaining long-lived channels of communication. //! //! > **Example**: The Kademlia protocol opens a new substream for each request it wants to //! > perform. Multiple requests can be performed simultaneously by opening multiple //! > substreams, without having to worry about associating responses with the //! > right request. //! //! # Implementing a muxing protocol //! //! In order to implement a muxing protocol, create an object that implements the `UpgradeInfo`, //! `InboundUpgrade` and `OutboundUpgrade` traits. See the `upgrade` module for more information. //! The `Output` associated type of the `InboundUpgrade` and `OutboundUpgrade` traits should be //! identical, and should be an object that implements the `StreamMuxer` trait. //! //! The upgrade process will take ownership of the connection, which makes it possible for the //! implementation of `StreamMuxer` to control everything that happens on the wire. use fnv::FnvHashMap; use futures::{future, prelude::*, task::Context, task::Poll}; use multiaddr::Multiaddr; use parking_lot::Mutex; use std::{io, ops::Deref, fmt, pin::Pin, sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}}; pub use self::singleton::SingletonMuxer; mod singleton; /// Implemented on objects that can open and manage substreams. /// /// The state of a muxer, as exposed by this API, is the following: /// /// - A connection to the remote. The `poll_event`, `flush_all` and `close` methods operate /// on this. /// - A list of substreams that are open. The `poll_outbound`, `read_substream`, `write_substream`, /// `flush_substream`, `shutdown_substream` and `destroy_substream` methods allow controlling /// these entries. /// - A list of outbound substreams being opened. The `open_outbound`, `poll_outbound` and /// `destroy_outbound` methods allow controlling these entries. /// pub trait StreamMuxer { /// Type of the object that represents the raw substream where data can be read and written. type Substream; /// Future that will be resolved when the outgoing substream is open. type OutboundSubstream; /// Error type of the muxer type Error: Into<io::Error>; /// Polls for a connection-wide event. /// /// This function behaves the same as a `Stream`. /// /// If `Pending` is returned, then the current task will be notified once the muxer /// is ready to be polled, similar to the API of `Stream::poll()`. /// Only the latest task that was used to call this method may be notified. /// /// It is permissible and common to use this method to perform background /// work, such as processing incoming packets and polling timers. /// /// An error can be generated if the connection has been closed. fn poll_event(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<StreamMuxerEvent<Self::Substream>, Self::Error>>; /// Opens a new outgoing substream, and produces the equivalent to a future that will be /// resolved when it becomes available. /// /// The API of `OutboundSubstream` is totally opaque, and the object can only be interfaced /// through the methods on the `StreamMuxer` trait. fn open_outbound(&self) -> Self::OutboundSubstream; /// Polls the outbound substream. /// /// If `Pending` is returned, then the current task will be notified once the substream /// is ready to be polled, similar to the API of `Future::poll()`. /// However, for each individual outbound substream, only the latest task that was used to /// call this method may be notified. /// /// May panic or produce an undefined result if an earlier polling of the same substream /// returned `Ready` or `Err`. fn poll_outbound(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::OutboundSubstream) -> Poll<Result<Self::Substream, Self::Error>>; /// Destroys an outbound substream future. Use this after the outbound substream has finished, /// or if you want to interrupt it. fn destroy_outbound(&self, s: Self::OutboundSubstream); /// Reads data from a substream. The behaviour is the same as `futures::AsyncRead::poll_read`. /// /// If `Pending` is returned, then the current task will be notified once the substream /// is ready to be read. However, for each individual substream, only the latest task that /// was used to call this method may be notified. /// /// If `Async::Ready(0)` is returned, the substream has been closed by the remote and should /// no longer be read afterwards. /// /// An error can be generated if the connection has been closed, or if a protocol misbehaviour /// happened. fn read_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, Self::Error>>; /// Write data to a substream. The behaviour is the same as `futures::AsyncWrite::poll_write`. /// /// If `Pending` is returned, then the current task will be notified once the substream /// is ready to be read. For each individual substream, only the latest task that was used to /// call this method may be notified. /// /// Calling `write_substream` does not guarantee that data will arrive to the remote. To /// ensure that, you should call `flush_substream`. /// /// It is incorrect to call this method on a substream if you called `shutdown_substream` on /// this substream earlier. fn write_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, Self::Error>>; /// Flushes a substream. The behaviour is the same as `futures::AsyncWrite::poll_flush`. /// /// After this method has been called, data written earlier on the substream is guaranteed to /// be received by the remote. /// /// If `Pending` is returned, then the current task will be notified once the substream /// is ready to be read. For each individual substream, only the latest task that was used to /// call this method may be notified. /// /// > **Note**: This method may be implemented as a call to `flush_all`. fn flush_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>; /// Attempts to shut down the writing side of a substream. The behaviour is similar to /// `AsyncWrite::poll_close`. /// /// Contrary to `AsyncWrite::poll_close`, shutting down a substream does not imply /// `flush_substream`. If you want to make sure that the remote is immediately informed about /// the shutdown, use `flush_substream` or `flush_all`. /// /// After this method has been called, you should no longer attempt to write to this substream. /// /// An error can be generated if the connection has been closed, or if a protocol misbehaviour /// happened. fn shutdown_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>; /// Destroys a substream. fn destroy_substream(&self, s: Self::Substream); /// Returns `true` if the remote has shown any sign of activity after the muxer has been open. /// /// For optimisation purposes, the connection handshake of libp2p can be very optimistic and is /// allowed to assume that the handshake has succeeded when it didn't in fact succeed. This /// method can be called in order to determine whether the remote has accepted our handshake or /// has potentially not received it yet. #[deprecated(note = "This method is unused and will be removed in the future")] fn is_remote_acknowledged(&self) -> bool { true } /// Closes this `StreamMuxer`. /// /// After this has returned `Poll::Ready(Ok(()))`, the muxer has become useless. All /// subsequent reads must return either `EOF` or an error. All subsequent writes, shutdowns, /// or polls must generate an error or be ignored. /// /// Calling this method implies `flush_all`. /// /// > **Note**: You are encouraged to call this method and wait for it to return `Ready`, so /// > that the remote is properly informed of the shutdown. However, apart from /// > properly informing the remote, there is no difference between this and /// > immediately dropping the muxer. fn close(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>; /// Flush this `StreamMuxer`. /// /// This drains any write buffers of substreams and delivers any pending shutdown notifications /// due to `shutdown_substream` or `close`. One may thus shutdown groups of substreams /// followed by a final `flush_all` instead of having to do `flush_substream` for each. fn flush_all(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>; } /// Event about a connection, reported by an implementation of [`StreamMuxer`]. #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub enum StreamMuxerEvent<T> { /// Remote has opened a new substream. Contains the substream in question. InboundSubstream(T), /// Address to the remote has changed. The previous one is now obsolete. /// /// > **Note**: This can for example happen when using the QUIC protocol, where the two nodes /// > can change their IP address while retaining the same QUIC connection. AddressChange(Multiaddr), } impl<T> StreamMuxerEvent<T> { /// If `self` is a [`StreamMuxerEvent::InboundSubstream`], returns the content. Otherwise /// returns `None`. pub fn into_inbound_substream(self) -> Option<T> { if let StreamMuxerEvent::InboundSubstream(s) = self { Some(s) } else { None } } } /// Polls for an event from the muxer and, if an inbound substream, wraps this substream in an /// object that implements `Read`/`Write`/`AsyncRead`/`AsyncWrite`. pub fn event_from_ref_and_wrap<P>( muxer: P, ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<StreamMuxerEvent<SubstreamRef<P>>, <P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Error>> where P: Deref + Clone, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { let muxer2 = muxer.clone(); future::poll_fn(move |cx| muxer.poll_event(cx)) .map_ok(|event| { match event { StreamMuxerEvent::InboundSubstream(substream) => StreamMuxerEvent::InboundSubstream(substream_from_ref(muxer2, substream)), StreamMuxerEvent::AddressChange(addr) => StreamMuxerEvent::AddressChange(addr), } }) } /// Same as `outbound_from_ref`, but wraps the output in an object that /// implements `Read`/`Write`/`AsyncRead`/`AsyncWrite`. pub fn outbound_from_ref_and_wrap<P>(muxer: P) -> OutboundSubstreamRefWrapFuture<P> where P: Deref + Clone, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { let inner = outbound_from_ref(muxer); OutboundSubstreamRefWrapFuture { inner } } /// Future returned by `outbound_from_ref_and_wrap`. pub struct OutboundSubstreamRefWrapFuture<P> where P: Deref + Clone, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { inner: OutboundSubstreamRefFuture<P>, } impl<P> Future for OutboundSubstreamRefWrapFuture<P> where P: Deref + Clone, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { type Output = Result<SubstreamRef<P>, <P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Error>; fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> { match Future::poll(Pin::new(&mut self.inner), cx) { Poll::Ready(Ok(substream)) => { let out = substream_from_ref(self.inner.muxer.clone(), substream); Poll::Ready(Ok(out)) } Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending, Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => Poll::Ready(Err(err)), } } } /// Builds a new future for an outbound substream, where the muxer is a reference. pub fn outbound_from_ref<P>(muxer: P) -> OutboundSubstreamRefFuture<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { let outbound = muxer.open_outbound(); OutboundSubstreamRefFuture { muxer, outbound: Some(outbound), } } /// Future returned by `outbound_from_ref`. pub struct OutboundSubstreamRefFuture<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { muxer: P, outbound: Option<<P::Target as StreamMuxer>::OutboundSubstream>, } impl<P> Unpin for OutboundSubstreamRefFuture<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { } impl<P> Future for OutboundSubstreamRefFuture<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { type Output = Result<<P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Substream, <P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Error>; fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> { // We use a `this` because the compiler isn't smart enough to allow mutably borrowing // multiple different fields from the `Pin` at the same time. let this = &mut *self; this.muxer.poll_outbound(cx, this.outbound.as_mut().expect("outbound was empty")) } } impl<P> Drop for OutboundSubstreamRefFuture<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { fn drop(&mut self) { self.muxer .destroy_outbound(self.outbound.take().expect("outbound was empty")) } } /// Builds an implementation of `Read`/`Write`/`AsyncRead`/`AsyncWrite` from an `Arc` to the /// muxer and a substream. pub fn substream_from_ref<P>( muxer: P, substream: <P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Substream, ) -> SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { SubstreamRef { muxer, substream: Some(substream), shutdown_state: ShutdownState::Shutdown, } } /// Stream returned by `substream_from_ref`. pub struct SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { muxer: P, substream: Option<<P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Substream>, shutdown_state: ShutdownState, } enum ShutdownState { Shutdown, Flush, Done, } impl<P> fmt::Debug for SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, <P::Target as StreamMuxer>::Substream: fmt::Debug, { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { write!(f, "Substream({:?})", self.substream) } } impl<P> Unpin for SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { } impl<P> AsyncRead for SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { fn poll_read(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, io::Error>> { // We use a `this` because the compiler isn't smart enough to allow mutably borrowing // multiple different fields from the `Pin` at the same time. let this = &mut *self; let s = this.substream.as_mut().expect("substream was empty"); this.muxer.read_substream(cx, s, buf).map_err(|e| e.into()) } } impl<P> AsyncWrite for SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { fn poll_write(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, io::Error>> { // We use a `this` because the compiler isn't smart enough to allow mutably borrowing // multiple different fields from the `Pin` at the same time. let this = &mut *self; let s = this.substream.as_mut().expect("substream was empty"); this.muxer.write_substream(cx, s, buf).map_err(|e| e.into()) } fn poll_close(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), io::Error>> { // We use a `this` because the compiler isn't smart enough to allow mutably borrowing // multiple different fields from the `Pin` at the same time. let this = &mut *self; let s = this.substream.as_mut().expect("substream was empty"); loop { match this.shutdown_state { ShutdownState::Shutdown => { match this.muxer.shutdown_substream(cx, s) { Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => this.shutdown_state = ShutdownState::Flush, Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err.into())), Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending, } } ShutdownState::Flush => { match this.muxer.flush_substream(cx, s) { Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => this.shutdown_state = ShutdownState::Done, Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err.into())), Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending, } } ShutdownState::Done => { return Poll::Ready(Ok(())); } } } } fn poll_flush(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), io::Error>> { // We use a `this` because the compiler isn't smart enough to allow mutably borrowing // multiple different fields from the `Pin` at the same time. let this = &mut *self; let s = this.substream.as_mut().expect("substream was empty"); this.muxer.flush_substream(cx, s).map_err(|e| e.into()) } } impl<P> Drop for SubstreamRef<P> where P: Deref, P::Target: StreamMuxer, { fn drop(&mut self) { self.muxer.destroy_substream(self.substream.take().expect("substream was empty")) } } /// Abstract `StreamMuxer`. pub struct StreamMuxerBox { inner: Box<dyn StreamMuxer<Substream = usize, OutboundSubstream = usize, Error = io::Error> + Send + Sync>, } impl StreamMuxerBox { /// Turns a stream muxer into a `StreamMuxerBox`. pub fn new<T>(muxer: T) -> StreamMuxerBox where T: StreamMuxer + Send + Sync + 'static, T::OutboundSubstream: Send, T::Substream: Send, { let wrap = Wrap { inner: muxer, substreams: Mutex::new(Default::default()), next_substream: AtomicUsize::new(0), outbound: Mutex::new(Default::default()), next_outbound: AtomicUsize::new(0), }; StreamMuxerBox { inner: Box::new(wrap), } } } impl StreamMuxer for StreamMuxerBox { type Substream = usize; // TODO: use a newtype type OutboundSubstream = usize; // TODO: use a newtype type Error = io::Error; #[inline] fn poll_event(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<StreamMuxerEvent<Self::Substream>, Self::Error>> { self.inner.poll_event(cx) } #[inline] fn open_outbound(&self) -> Self::OutboundSubstream { self.inner.open_outbound() } #[inline] fn poll_outbound(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::OutboundSubstream) -> Poll<Result<Self::Substream, Self::Error>> { self.inner.poll_outbound(cx, s) } #[inline] fn destroy_outbound(&self, substream: Self::OutboundSubstream) { self.inner.destroy_outbound(substream) } #[inline] fn read_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, Self::Error>> { self.inner.read_substream(cx, s, buf) } #[inline] fn write_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, Self::Error>> { self.inner.write_substream(cx, s, buf) } #[inline] fn flush_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { self.inner.flush_substream(cx, s) } #[inline] fn shutdown_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { self.inner.shutdown_substream(cx, s) } #[inline] fn destroy_substream(&self, s: Self::Substream) { self.inner.destroy_substream(s) } #[inline] fn close(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { self.inner.close(cx) } #[inline] fn flush_all(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { self.inner.flush_all(cx) } } struct Wrap<T> where T: StreamMuxer { inner: T, substreams: Mutex<FnvHashMap<usize, T::Substream>>, next_substream: AtomicUsize, outbound: Mutex<FnvHashMap<usize, T::OutboundSubstream>>, next_outbound: AtomicUsize, } impl<T> StreamMuxer for Wrap<T> where T: StreamMuxer, { type Substream = usize; // TODO: use a newtype type OutboundSubstream = usize; // TODO: use a newtype type Error = io::Error; #[inline] fn poll_event(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<StreamMuxerEvent<Self::Substream>, Self::Error>> { let substream = match self.inner.poll_event(cx) { Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending, Poll::Ready(Ok(StreamMuxerEvent::AddressChange(a))) => return Poll::Ready(Ok(StreamMuxerEvent::AddressChange(a))), Poll::Ready(Ok(StreamMuxerEvent::InboundSubstream(s))) => s, Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err.into())), }; let id = self.next_substream.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed); self.substreams.lock().insert(id, substream); Poll::Ready(Ok(StreamMuxerEvent::InboundSubstream(id))) } #[inline] fn open_outbound(&self) -> Self::OutboundSubstream { let outbound = self.inner.open_outbound(); let id = self.next_outbound.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed); self.outbound.lock().insert(id, outbound); id } #[inline] fn poll_outbound( &self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, substream: &mut Self::OutboundSubstream, ) -> Poll<Result<Self::Substream, Self::Error>> { let mut list = self.outbound.lock(); let substream = match self.inner.poll_outbound(cx, list.get_mut(substream).unwrap()) { Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending, Poll::Ready(Ok(s)) => s, Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err.into())), }; let id = self.next_substream.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed); self.substreams.lock().insert(id, substream); Poll::Ready(Ok(id)) } #[inline] fn destroy_outbound(&self, substream: Self::OutboundSubstream) { let mut list = self.outbound.lock(); self.inner.destroy_outbound(list.remove(&substream).unwrap()) } #[inline] fn read_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, Self::Error>> { let mut list = self.substreams.lock(); self.inner.read_substream(cx, list.get_mut(s).unwrap(), buf).map_err(|e| e.into()) } #[inline] fn write_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<Result<usize, Self::Error>> { let mut list = self.substreams.lock(); self.inner.write_substream(cx, list.get_mut(s).unwrap(), buf).map_err(|e| e.into()) } #[inline] fn flush_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { let mut list = self.substreams.lock(); self.inner.flush_substream(cx, list.get_mut(s).unwrap()).map_err(|e| e.into()) } #[inline] fn shutdown_substream(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, s: &mut Self::Substream) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { let mut list = self.substreams.lock(); self.inner.shutdown_substream(cx, list.get_mut(s).unwrap()).map_err(|e| e.into()) } #[inline] fn destroy_substream(&self, substream: Self::Substream) { let mut list = self.substreams.lock(); self.inner.destroy_substream(list.remove(&substream).unwrap()) } #[inline] fn close(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { self.inner.close(cx).map_err(|e| e.into()) } #[inline] fn flush_all(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> { self.inner.flush_all(cx).map_err(|e| e.into()) } }