linear_map/

set.rs

//! A set implemented by searching linearly in a vector.
//!
//! See the [`LinearSet`](struct.LinearSet.html) type for details.

use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::fmt;
use std::iter::{Chain, FromIterator};
use std::ops::{BitOr, BitAnd, BitXor, Sub};

use super::{LinearMap, Keys};

/// An implementation of a set using the underlying representation of a
/// LinearMap where the value is ().
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
/// // Type inference lets us omit an explicit type signature (which
/// // would be `LinearSet<&str>` in this example).
/// let mut books = LinearSet::new();
///
/// // Add some books.
/// books.insert("A Dance With Dragons");
/// books.insert("To Kill a Mockingbird");
/// books.insert("The Odyssey");
/// books.insert("The Great Gatsby");
///
/// // Check for a specific one.
/// if !books.contains("The Winds of Winter") {
///     println!("We have {} books, but The Winds of Winter ain't one.",
///              books.len());
/// }
///
/// // Remove a book.
/// books.remove("The Odyssey");
///
/// // Iterate over everything.
/// for book in &books {
///     println!("{}", book);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The easiest way to use `LinearSet` with a custom type is to derive
/// `Eq`. We must also derive `PartialEq`, this will in the
/// future be implied by `Eq`.
///
/// ```
/// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
/// #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
/// struct Viking<'a> {
///     name: &'a str,
///     power: usize,
/// }
///
/// let mut vikings = LinearSet::new();
///
/// vikings.insert(Viking { name: "Einar", power: 9 });
/// vikings.insert(Viking { name: "Einar", power: 9 });
/// vikings.insert(Viking { name: "Olaf", power: 4 });
/// vikings.insert(Viking { name: "Harald", power: 8 });
///
/// // Use derived implementation to print the vikings.
/// for x in &vikings {
///     println!("{:?}", x);
/// }
/// ```
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct LinearSet<T> {
    map: LinearMap<T, ()>
}

impl<T: Eq> LinearSet<T> {
    /// Creates an empty LinearSet.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let mut set: LinearSet<i32> = LinearSet::new();
    /// ```
    #[inline]

    pub fn new() -> LinearSet<T> {
        LinearSet { map: LinearMap::new() }
    }

    /// Creates an empty LinearSet with space for at least `n` elements in
    /// the map.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let mut set: LinearSet<i32> = LinearSet::with_capacity(10);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> LinearSet<T> {
        LinearSet { map: LinearMap::with_capacity(capacity) }
    }
}

impl<T> LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    /// Returns the number of elements the set can hold without reallocating.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let set: LinearSet<i32> = LinearSet::with_capacity(100);
    /// assert!(set.capacity() >= 100);
    /// ```
    #[inline]

    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
        self.map.capacity()
    }

    /// Reserves capacity for at least `additional` more elements to be inserted
    /// in the `LinearSet`. The collection may reserve more space to avoid
    /// frequent reallocations.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the new allocation size overflows `usize`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let mut set: LinearSet<i32> = LinearSet::new();
    /// set.reserve(10);
    /// ```

    pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
        self.map.reserve(additional)
    }

    /// Shrinks the capacity of the set as much as possible. It will drop
    /// down as much as possible while maintaining the internal rules
    /// and possibly leaving some space in accordance with the resize policy.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::with_capacity(100);
    /// set.insert(1);
    /// set.insert(2);
    /// assert!(set.capacity() >= 100);
    /// set.shrink_to_fit();
    /// assert!(set.capacity() >= 2);
    /// ```

    pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
        self.map.shrink_to_fit()
    }

    /// An iterator visiting all elements in arbitrary order.
    /// Iterator element type is &'a T.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::new();
    /// set.insert("a");
    /// set.insert("b");
    ///
    /// // Will print in an arbitrary order.
    /// for x in set.iter() {
    ///     println!("{}", x);
    /// }
    /// ```

    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<T> {
        Iter { iter: self.map.keys() }
    }

    /// Visit the values representing the difference.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = [4, 2, 3, 4].iter().cloned().collect();
    ///
    /// // Can be seen as `a - b`.
    /// for x in a.difference(&b) {
    ///     println!("{}", x); // Print 1
    /// }
    ///
    /// let diff: LinearSet<_> = a.difference(&b).cloned().collect();
    /// assert_eq!(diff, [1].iter().cloned().collect());
    ///
    /// // Note that difference is not symmetric,
    /// // and `b - a` means something else:
    /// let diff: LinearSet<_> = b.difference(&a).cloned().collect();
    /// assert_eq!(diff, [4].iter().cloned().collect());
    /// ```

    pub fn difference<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a LinearSet<T>) -> Difference<'a, T> {
        Difference {
            iter: self.iter(),
            other: other,
        }
    }

    /// Visit the values representing the symmetric difference.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = [4, 2, 3, 4].iter().cloned().collect();
    ///
    /// // Print 1, 4 in arbitrary order.
    /// for x in a.symmetric_difference(&b) {
    ///     println!("{}", x);
    /// }
    ///
    /// let diff1: LinearSet<_> = a.symmetric_difference(&b).cloned().collect();
    /// let diff2: LinearSet<_> = b.symmetric_difference(&a).cloned().collect();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(diff1, diff2);
    /// assert_eq!(diff1, [1, 4].iter().cloned().collect());
    /// ```

    pub fn symmetric_difference<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a LinearSet<T>)
        -> SymmetricDifference<'a, T> {
        SymmetricDifference { iter: self.difference(other).chain(other.difference(self)) }
    }

    /// Visit the values representing the intersection.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = [4, 2, 3, 4].iter().cloned().collect();
    ///
    /// // Print 2, 3 in arbitrary order.
    /// for x in a.intersection(&b) {
    ///     println!("{}", x);
    /// }
    ///
    /// let intersection: LinearSet<_> = a.intersection(&b).cloned().collect();
    /// assert_eq!(intersection, [2, 3].iter().cloned().collect());
    /// ```

    pub fn intersection<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a LinearSet<T>) -> Intersection<'a, T> {
        Intersection {
            iter: self.iter(),
            other: other,
        }
    }

    /// Visit the values representing the union.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = [4, 2, 3, 4].iter().cloned().collect();
    ///
    /// // Print 1, 2, 3, 4 in arbitrary order.
    /// for x in a.union(&b) {
    ///     println!("{}", x);
    /// }
    ///
    /// let union: LinearSet<_> = a.union(&b).cloned().collect();
    /// assert_eq!(union, [1, 2, 3, 4].iter().cloned().collect());
    /// ```

    pub fn union<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a LinearSet<T>) -> Union<'a, T> {
        Union { iter: self.iter().chain(other.difference(self)) }
    }

    /// Returns the number of elements in the set.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let mut v = LinearSet::new();
    /// assert_eq!(v.len(), 0);
    /// v.insert(1);
    /// assert_eq!(v.len(), 1);
    /// ```

    pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.map.len() }

    /// Returns true if the set contains no elements.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let mut v = LinearSet::new();
    /// assert!(v.is_empty());
    /// v.insert(1);
    /// assert!(!v.is_empty());
    /// ```

    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.map.is_empty() }

    /// Clears the set, returning all elements in an iterator.
    #[inline]
    pub fn drain(&mut self) -> Drain<T> {
        Drain { iter: self.map.drain() }
    }

    /// Clears the set, removing all values.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let mut v = LinearSet::new();
    /// v.insert(1);
    /// v.clear();
    /// assert!(v.is_empty());
    /// ```
    pub fn clear(&mut self) { self.map.clear() }

    /// Retains only the elements specified by the predicate.
    ///
    /// In other words, remove all elements `e` such that `f(&e)` returns `false`.
    ///
    pub fn retain<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
    where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool {
        self.map.retain(|k, _| f(k));
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the set contains a value.
    ///
    /// The value may be any borrowed form of the set's value type, but
    /// `Eq` on the borrowed form *must* match those for
    /// the value type.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let set: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// assert_eq!(set.contains(&1), true);
    /// assert_eq!(set.contains(&4), false);
    /// ```
    pub fn contains<Q: ?Sized>(&self, value: &Q) -> bool
        where T: Borrow<Q>, Q: Eq
    {
        self.map.contains_key(value)
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the set has no elements in common with `other`.
    /// This is equivalent to checking for an empty intersection.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let mut b = LinearSet::new();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(a.is_disjoint(&b), true);
    /// b.insert(4);
    /// assert_eq!(a.is_disjoint(&b), true);
    /// b.insert(1);
    /// assert_eq!(a.is_disjoint(&b), false);
    /// ```

    pub fn is_disjoint(&self, other: &LinearSet<T>) -> bool {
        self.iter().all(|v| !other.contains(v))
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the set is a subset of another.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let sup: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2, 3].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::new();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(set.is_subset(&sup), true);
    /// set.insert(2);
    /// assert_eq!(set.is_subset(&sup), true);
    /// set.insert(4);
    /// assert_eq!(set.is_subset(&sup), false);
    /// ```

    pub fn is_subset(&self, other: &LinearSet<T>) -> bool {
        self.iter().all(|v| other.contains(v))
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the set is a superset of another.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let sub: LinearSet<_> = [1, 2].iter().cloned().collect();
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::new();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(set.is_superset(&sub), false);
    ///
    /// set.insert(0);
    /// set.insert(1);
    /// assert_eq!(set.is_superset(&sub), false);
    ///
    /// set.insert(2);
    /// assert_eq!(set.is_superset(&sub), true);
    /// ```
    #[inline]

    pub fn is_superset(&self, other: &LinearSet<T>) -> bool {
        other.is_subset(self)
    }

    /// Adds a value to the set.
    ///
    /// If the set did not have a value present, `true` is returned.
    ///
    /// If the set did have this key present, `false` is returned.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::new();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(set.insert(2), true);
    /// assert_eq!(set.insert(2), false);
    /// assert_eq!(set.len(), 1);
    /// ```

    pub fn insert(&mut self, value: T) -> bool { self.map.insert(value, ()).is_none() }

    /// Removes a value from the set. Returns `true` if the value was
    /// present in the set.
    ///
    /// The value may be any borrowed form of the set's value type, but
    /// `Eq` on the borrowed form *must* match those for
    /// the value type.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::new();
    ///
    /// set.insert(2);
    /// assert_eq!(set.remove(&2), true);
    /// assert_eq!(set.remove(&2), false);
    /// ```

    pub fn remove<Q: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &Q) -> bool
        where T: Borrow<Q>, Q: Eq
    {
        self.map.remove(value).is_some()
    }

}

impl<T> PartialEq for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    fn eq(&self, other: &LinearSet<T>) -> bool {
        if self.len() != other.len() { return false; }

        self.iter().all(|key| other.contains(key))
    }
}

impl<T> Eq for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{}

impl<T> fmt::Debug for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq + fmt::Debug
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_set().entries(self.iter()).finish()
    }
}

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item=T>>(iter: I) -> LinearSet<T> {
        let iterator = iter.into_iter();
        let lower = iterator.size_hint().0;
        let mut set = LinearSet::with_capacity(lower);
        set.extend(iterator);
        set
    }
}

impl<T> Extend<T> for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item=T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
        for k in iter {
            self.insert(k);
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Extend<&'a T> for LinearSet<T>
    where T: 'a + Eq + Copy
{
    fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item=&'a T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
        self.extend(iter.into_iter().cloned());
    }
}

impl<T> Default for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    fn default() -> LinearSet<T> {
        LinearSet::new()
    }
}

impl<K: Eq> Into<Vec<K>> for LinearSet<K> {
    fn into(self) -> Vec<K> {
        unsafe {
            use std::mem;
            mem::transmute(self)
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitOr<&'b LinearSet<T>> for &'a LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq + Clone
{
    type Output = LinearSet<T>;

    /// Returns the union of `self` and `rhs` as a new `LinearSet<T>`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = vec![1, 2, 3].into_iter().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = vec![3, 4, 5].into_iter().collect();
    ///
    /// let set = &a | &b;
    ///
    /// let mut i = 0;
    /// let expected = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    /// for x in &set {
    ///     assert!(expected.contains(x));
    ///     i += 1;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(i, expected.len());
    /// ```
    fn bitor(self, rhs: &LinearSet<T>) -> LinearSet<T> {
        self.union(rhs).cloned().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitAnd<&'b LinearSet<T>> for &'a LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq + Clone
{
    type Output = LinearSet<T>;

    /// Returns the intersection of `self` and `rhs` as a new `LinearSet<T>`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = vec![1, 2, 3].into_iter().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = vec![2, 3, 4].into_iter().collect();
    ///
    /// let set = &a & &b;
    ///
    /// let mut i = 0;
    /// let expected = [2, 3];
    /// for x in &set {
    ///     assert!(expected.contains(x));
    ///     i += 1;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(i, expected.len());
    /// ```
    fn bitand(self, rhs: &LinearSet<T>) -> LinearSet<T> {
        self.intersection(rhs).cloned().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> BitXor<&'b LinearSet<T>> for &'a LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq + Clone
{
    type Output = LinearSet<T>;

    /// Returns the symmetric difference of `self` and `rhs` as a new `LinearSet<T>`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = vec![1, 2, 3].into_iter().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = vec![3, 4, 5].into_iter().collect();
    ///
    /// let set = &a ^ &b;
    ///
    /// let mut i = 0;
    /// let expected = [1, 2, 4, 5];
    /// for x in &set {
    ///     assert!(expected.contains(x));
    ///     i += 1;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(i, expected.len());
    /// ```
    fn bitxor(self, rhs: &LinearSet<T>) -> LinearSet<T> {
        self.symmetric_difference(rhs).cloned().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> Sub<&'b LinearSet<T>> for &'a LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq + Clone
{
    type Output = LinearSet<T>;

    /// Returns the difference of `self` and `rhs` as a new `LinearSet<T>`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    ///
    /// let a: LinearSet<_> = vec![1, 2, 3].into_iter().collect();
    /// let b: LinearSet<_> = vec![3, 4, 5].into_iter().collect();
    ///
    /// let set = &a - &b;
    ///
    /// let mut i = 0;
    /// let expected = [1, 2];
    /// for x in &set {
    ///     assert!(expected.contains(x));
    ///     i += 1;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(i, expected.len());
    /// ```
    fn sub(self, rhs: &LinearSet<T>) -> LinearSet<T> {
        self.difference(rhs).cloned().collect()
    }
}

/// LinearSet iterator
pub struct Iter<'a, K: 'a> {
    iter: Keys<'a, K, ()>
}

/// LinearSet move iterator
pub struct IntoIter<K> {
    iter: super::IntoIter<K, ()>
}

/// LinearSet drain iterator
pub struct Drain<'a, K: 'a> {
    iter: super::Drain<'a, K, ()>,
}

/// Intersection iterator
pub struct Intersection<'a, T: 'a> {
    // iterator of the first set
    iter: Iter<'a, T>,
    // the second set
    other: &'a LinearSet<T>,
}

/// Difference iterator
pub struct Difference<'a, T: 'a> {
    // iterator of the first set
    iter: Iter<'a, T>,
    // the second set
    other: &'a LinearSet<T>,
}

/// Symmetric difference iterator.
pub struct SymmetricDifference<'a, T: 'a> {
    iter: Chain<Difference<'a, T>, Difference<'a, T>>
}

/// Set union iterator.
pub struct Union<'a, T: 'a> {
    iter: Chain<Iter<'a, T>, Difference<'a, T>>
}

impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    type Item = &'a T;
    type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Iter<'a, T> {
        self.iter()
    }
}

impl<T> IntoIterator for LinearSet<T>
    where T: Eq
{
    type Item = T;
    type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>;

    /// Creates a consuming iterator, that is, one that moves each value out
    /// of the set in arbitrary order. The set cannot be used after calling
    /// this.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use linear_map::set::LinearSet;;
    /// let mut set = LinearSet::new();
    /// set.insert("a".to_string());
    /// set.insert("b".to_string());
    ///
    /// // Not possible to collect to a Vec<String> with a regular `.iter()`.
    /// let v: Vec<String> = set.into_iter().collect();
    ///
    /// // Will print in an arbitrary order.
    /// for x in &v {
    ///     println!("{}", x);
    /// }
    /// ```
    fn into_iter(self) -> IntoIter<T> {
        IntoIter { iter: self.map.into_iter() }
    }
}

impl<'a, K> Clone for Iter<'a, K> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Iter<'a, K> { Iter { iter: self.iter.clone() } }
}
impl<'a, K> Iterator for Iter<'a, K> {
    type Item = &'a K;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a K> { self.iter.next() }
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) { self.iter.size_hint() }
}
impl<'a, K> ExactSizeIterator for Iter<'a, K> {
    fn len(&self) -> usize { self.iter.len() }
}

impl<K> Iterator for IntoIter<K> {
    type Item = K;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<K> { self.iter.next().map(|(k, _)| k) }
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) { self.iter.size_hint() }
}
impl<K> ExactSizeIterator for IntoIter<K> {
    fn len(&self) -> usize { self.iter.len() }
}

impl<'a, K> Iterator for Drain<'a, K> {
    type Item = K;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<K> { self.iter.next().map(|(k, _)| k) }
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) { self.iter.size_hint() }
}
impl<'a, K> ExactSizeIterator for Drain<'a, K> {
    fn len(&self) -> usize { self.iter.len() }
}

impl<'a, T> Clone for Intersection<'a, T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Intersection<'a, T> {
        Intersection { iter: self.iter.clone(), ..*self }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for Intersection<'a, T>
    where T: Eq
{
    type Item = &'a T;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
        loop {
            match self.iter.next() {
                None => return None,
                Some(elt) => if self.other.contains(elt) {
                    return Some(elt)
                },
            }
        }
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let (_, upper) = self.iter.size_hint();
        (0, upper)
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Clone for Difference<'a, T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Difference<'a, T> {
        Difference { iter: self.iter.clone(), ..*self }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for Difference<'a, T>
    where T: Eq
{
    type Item = &'a T;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
        loop {
            match self.iter.next() {
                None => return None,
                Some(elt) => if !self.other.contains(elt) {
                    return Some(elt)
                },
            }
        }
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let (_, upper) = self.iter.size_hint();
        (0, upper)
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Clone for SymmetricDifference<'a, T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> SymmetricDifference<'a, T> {
        SymmetricDifference { iter: self.iter.clone() }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for SymmetricDifference<'a, T>
    where T: Eq
{
    type Item = &'a T;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> { self.iter.next() }
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) { self.iter.size_hint() }
}

impl<'a, T> Clone for Union<'a, T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Union<'a, T> { Union { iter: self.iter.clone() } }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for Union<'a, T>
    where T: Eq
{
    type Item = &'a T;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> { self.iter.next() }
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) { self.iter.size_hint() }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn assert_covariance() {
    fn set<'new>(v: LinearSet<&'static str>) -> LinearSet<&'new str> { v }
    fn iter<'a, 'new>(v: Iter<'a, &'static str>) -> Iter<'a, &'new str> { v }
    fn into_iter<'new>(v: IntoIter<&'static str>) -> IntoIter<&'new str> { v }
    fn difference<'a, 'new>(v: Difference<'a, &'static str>)
        -> Difference<'a, &'new str> { v }
    fn symmetric_difference<'a, 'new>(v: SymmetricDifference<'a, &'static str>)
        -> SymmetricDifference<'a, &'new str> { v }
    fn intersection<'a, 'new>(v: Intersection<'a, &'static str>)
        -> Intersection<'a, &'new str> { v }
    fn union<'a, 'new>(v: Union<'a, &'static str>)
        -> Union<'a, &'new str> { v }
}