rio_window/platform/windows.rs
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//! # Windows
//!
//! The supported OS version is Windows 7 or higher, though Windows 10 is
//! tested regularly.
use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::ffi::c_void;
use std::path::Path;
use crate::dpi::PhysicalSize;
use crate::event::DeviceId;
use crate::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
use crate::monitor::MonitorHandle;
use crate::window::{BadIcon, Icon, Window, WindowAttributes};
/// Window Handle type used by Win32 API
pub type HWND = isize;
/// Menu Handle type used by Win32 API
pub type HMENU = isize;
/// Monitor Handle type used by Win32 API
pub type HMONITOR = isize;
/// Describes a system-drawn backdrop material of a window.
///
/// For a detailed explanation, see [`DWM_SYSTEMBACKDROP_TYPE docs`].
///
/// [`DWM_SYSTEMBACKDROP_TYPE docs`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/dwmapi/ne-dwmapi-dwm_systembackdrop_type
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum BackdropType {
/// Corresponds to `DWMSBT_AUTO`.
///
/// Usually draws a default backdrop effect on the title bar.
#[default]
Auto = 0,
/// Corresponds to `DWMSBT_NONE`.
None = 1,
/// Corresponds to `DWMSBT_MAINWINDOW`.
///
/// Draws the Mica backdrop material.
MainWindow = 2,
/// Corresponds to `DWMSBT_TRANSIENTWINDOW`.
///
/// Draws the Background Acrylic backdrop material.
TransientWindow = 3,
/// Corresponds to `DWMSBT_TABBEDWINDOW`.
///
/// Draws the Alt Mica backdrop material.
TabbedWindow = 4,
}
/// Describes a color used by Windows
#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct Color(u32);
impl Color {
// Special constant only valid for the window border and therefore modeled using Option<Color>
// for user facing code
const NONE: Color = Color(0xfffffffe);
/// Use the system's default color
pub const SYSTEM_DEFAULT: Color = Color(0xffffffff);
/// Create a new color from the given RGB values
pub const fn from_rgb(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> Self {
Self((r as u32) | ((g as u32) << 8) | ((b as u32) << 16))
}
}
impl Default for Color {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::SYSTEM_DEFAULT
}
}
/// Describes how the corners of a window should look like.
///
/// For a detailed explanation, see [`DWM_WINDOW_CORNER_PREFERENCE docs`].
///
/// [`DWM_WINDOW_CORNER_PREFERENCE docs`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/dwmapi/ne-dwmapi-dwm_window_corner_preference
#[repr(i32)]
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum CornerPreference {
/// Corresponds to `DWMWCP_DEFAULT`.
///
/// Let the system decide when to round window corners.
#[default]
Default = 0,
/// Corresponds to `DWMWCP_DONOTROUND`.
///
/// Never round window corners.
DoNotRound = 1,
/// Corresponds to `DWMWCP_ROUND`.
///
/// Round the corners, if appropriate.
Round = 2,
/// Corresponds to `DWMWCP_ROUNDSMALL`.
///
/// Round the corners if appropriate, with a small radius.
RoundSmall = 3,
}
/// A wrapper around a [`Window`] that ignores thread-specific window handle limitations.
///
/// See [`WindowBorrowExtWindows::any_thread`] for more information.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct AnyThread<W>(W);
impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AnyThread<W> {
/// Get a reference to the inner window.
#[inline]
pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Window {
self.0.borrow()
}
/// Get a reference to the inner object.
#[inline]
pub fn inner(&self) -> &W {
&self.0
}
/// Unwrap and get the inner window.
#[inline]
pub fn into_inner(self) -> W {
self.0
}
}
impl<W: Borrow<Window>> AsRef<Window> for AnyThread<W> {
fn as_ref(&self) -> &Window {
self.get_ref()
}
}
impl<W: Borrow<Window>> Borrow<Window> for AnyThread<W> {
fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
self.get_ref()
}
}
impl<W: Borrow<Window>> std::ops::Deref for AnyThread<W> {
type Target = Window;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
self.get_ref()
}
}
impl<W: Borrow<Window>> raw_window_handle::HasWindowHandle for AnyThread<W> {
fn window_handle(
&self,
) -> Result<raw_window_handle::WindowHandle<'_>, raw_window_handle::HandleError> {
// SAFETY: The top level user has asserted this is only used safely.
unsafe { self.get_ref().window_handle_any_thread() }
}
}
/// Additional methods on `EventLoop` that are specific to Windows.
pub trait EventLoopBuilderExtWindows {
/// Whether to allow the event loop to be created off of the main thread.
///
/// By default, the window is only allowed to be created on the main
/// thread, to make platform compatibility easier.
///
/// # `Window` caveats
///
/// Note that any `Window` created on the new thread will be destroyed when the thread
/// terminates. Attempting to use a `Window` after its parent thread terminates has
/// unspecified, although explicitly not undefined, behavior.
fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self;
/// Whether to enable process-wide DPI awareness.
///
/// By default, `winit` will attempt to enable process-wide DPI awareness. If
/// that's undesirable, you can disable it with this function.
///
/// # Example
///
/// Disable process-wide DPI awareness.
///
/// ```
/// use rio_window::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
/// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
/// use rio_window::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
///
/// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
/// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
/// builder.with_dpi_aware(false);
/// # if false { // We can't test this part
/// let event_loop = builder.build();
/// # }
/// ```
fn with_dpi_aware(&mut self, dpi_aware: bool) -> &mut Self;
/// A callback to be executed before dispatching a win32 message to the window procedure.
/// Return true to disable winit's internal message dispatching.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # use windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::{ACCEL, CreateAcceleratorTableW, TranslateAcceleratorW, DispatchMessageW, TranslateMessage, MSG};
/// use rio_window::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder;
/// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
/// use rio_window::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
///
/// let mut builder = EventLoopBuilder::new();
/// #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
/// builder.with_msg_hook(|msg|{
/// let msg = msg as *const MSG;
/// # let accels: Vec<ACCEL> = Vec::new();
/// let translated = unsafe {
/// TranslateAcceleratorW(
/// (*msg).hwnd,
/// CreateAcceleratorTableW(accels.as_ptr() as _, 1),
/// msg,
/// ) == 1
/// };
/// translated
/// });
/// ```
fn with_msg_hook<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> &mut Self
where
F: FnMut(*const c_void) -> bool + 'static;
}
impl<T> EventLoopBuilderExtWindows for EventLoopBuilder<T> {
#[inline]
fn with_any_thread(&mut self, any_thread: bool) -> &mut Self {
self.platform_specific.any_thread = any_thread;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_dpi_aware(&mut self, dpi_aware: bool) -> &mut Self {
self.platform_specific.dpi_aware = dpi_aware;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_msg_hook<F>(&mut self, callback: F) -> &mut Self
where
F: FnMut(*const c_void) -> bool + 'static,
{
self.platform_specific.msg_hook = Some(Box::new(callback));
self
}
}
/// Additional methods on `Window` that are specific to Windows.
pub trait WindowExtWindows {
/// Enables or disables mouse and keyboard input to the specified window.
///
/// A window must be enabled before it can be activated.
/// If an application has create a modal dialog box by disabling its owner window
/// (as described in [`WindowAttributesExtWindows::with_owner_window`]), the application must
/// enable the owner window before destroying the dialog box.
/// Otherwise, another window will receive the keyboard focus and be activated.
///
/// If a child window is disabled, it is ignored when the system tries to determine which
/// window should receive mouse messages.
///
/// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-enablewindow#remarks>
/// and <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#disabled-windows>
fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool);
/// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>);
/// Whether to show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool);
/// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
///
/// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool);
/// Sets system-drawn backdrop type.
///
/// Requires Windows 11 build 22523+.
fn set_system_backdrop(&self, backdrop_type: BackdropType);
/// Sets the color of the window border.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn set_border_color(&self, color: Option<Color>);
/// Sets the background color of the title bar.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn set_title_background_color(&self, color: Option<Color>);
/// Sets the color of the window title.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn set_title_text_color(&self, color: Color);
/// Sets the preferred style of the window corners.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn set_corner_preference(&self, preference: CornerPreference);
/// Cloaks the window such that it is not visible to the user. The window is still composed by DWM.
///
/// A cloaked window will not appear on Taskbar. Cloaking is particularly useful when you want a
/// window to complete its UI layout, sizing, etc. without flickering in front of the user.
/// Not supported on Windows 7 and earlier.
fn set_cloaked(&self, cloaked: bool);
/// Get the raw window handle for this [`Window`] without checking for thread affinity.
///
/// Window handles in Win32 have a property called "thread affinity" that ties them to their
/// origin thread. Some operations can only happen on the window's origin thread, while others
/// can be called from any thread. For example, [`SetWindowSubclass`] is not thread safe while
/// [`GetDC`] is thread safe.
///
/// In Rust terms, the window handle is `Send` sometimes but `!Send` other times.
///
/// Therefore, in order to avoid confusing threading errors, [`Window`] only returns the
/// window handle when the [`window_handle`] function is called from the thread that created
/// the window. In other cases, it returns an [`Unavailable`] error.
///
/// However in some cases you may already know that you are using the window handle for
/// operations that are guaranteed to be thread-safe. In which case this function aims
/// to provide an escape hatch so these functions are still accessible from other threads.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// It is the responsibility of the user to only pass the window handle into thread-safe
/// Win32 APIs.
///
/// [`SetWindowSubclass`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/commctrl/nf-commctrl-setwindowsubclass
/// [`GetDC`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-getdc
/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
/// [`window_handle`]: https://docs.rs/raw-window-handle/latest/raw_window_handle/trait.HasWindowHandle.html#tymethod.window_handle
/// [`Unavailable`]: https://docs.rs/raw-window-handle/latest/raw_window_handle/enum.HandleError.html#variant.Unavailable
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```no_run
/// # use rio_window::window::Window;
/// # fn scope(window: Window) {
/// use std::thread;
/// use rio_window::platform::windows::WindowExtWindows;
/// use rio_window::raw_window_handle::HasWindowHandle;
///
/// // We can get the window handle on the current thread.
/// let handle = window.window_handle().unwrap();
///
/// // However, on another thread, we can't!
/// thread::spawn(move || {
/// assert!(window.window_handle().is_err());
///
/// // We can use this function as an escape hatch.
/// let handle = unsafe { window.window_handle_any_thread().unwrap() };
/// });
/// # }
/// ```
unsafe fn window_handle_any_thread(
&self,
) -> Result<raw_window_handle::WindowHandle<'_>, raw_window_handle::HandleError>;
}
impl WindowExtWindows for Window {
#[inline]
fn set_enable(&self, enabled: bool) {
self.window.set_enable(enabled)
}
#[inline]
fn set_taskbar_icon(&self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) {
self.window.set_taskbar_icon(taskbar_icon)
}
#[inline]
fn set_skip_taskbar(&self, skip: bool) {
self.window.set_skip_taskbar(skip)
}
#[inline]
fn set_undecorated_shadow(&self, shadow: bool) {
self.window.set_undecorated_shadow(shadow)
}
#[inline]
fn set_system_backdrop(&self, backdrop_type: BackdropType) {
self.window.set_system_backdrop(backdrop_type)
}
#[inline]
fn set_border_color(&self, color: Option<Color>) {
self.window.set_border_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
}
#[inline]
fn set_title_background_color(&self, color: Option<Color>) {
// The windows docs don't mention NONE as a valid options but it works in practice and is
// useful to circumvent the Windows option "Show accent color on title bars and
// window borders"
self.window
.set_title_background_color(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE))
}
#[inline]
fn set_title_text_color(&self, color: Color) {
self.window.set_title_text_color(color)
}
#[inline]
fn set_corner_preference(&self, preference: CornerPreference) {
self.window.set_corner_preference(preference)
}
#[inline]
fn set_cloaked(&self, cloaked: bool) {
self.window.set_cloaked(cloaked)
}
unsafe fn window_handle_any_thread(
&self,
) -> Result<raw_window_handle::WindowHandle<'_>, raw_window_handle::HandleError> {
unsafe {
let handle = self.window.rwh_06_no_thread_check()?;
// SAFETY: The handle is valid in this context.
Ok(raw_window_handle::WindowHandle::borrow_raw(handle))
}
}
}
/// Additional methods for anything that dereference to [`Window`].
///
/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
pub trait WindowBorrowExtWindows: Borrow<Window> + Sized {
/// Create an object that allows accessing the inner window handle in a thread-unsafe way.
///
/// It is possible to call [`window_handle_any_thread`] to get around Windows's thread
/// affinity limitations. However, it may be desired to pass the [`Window`] into something
/// that requires the [`HasWindowHandle`] trait, while ignoring thread affinity limitations.
///
/// This function wraps anything that implements `Borrow<Window>` into a structure that
/// uses the inner window handle as a mean of implementing [`HasWindowHandle`]. It wraps
/// `Window`, `&Window`, `Arc<Window>`, and other reference types.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// It is the responsibility of the user to only pass the window handle into thread-safe
/// Win32 APIs.
///
/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
unsafe fn any_thread(self) -> AnyThread<Self> {
AnyThread(self)
}
}
impl<W: Borrow<Window> + Sized> WindowBorrowExtWindows for W {}
/// Additional methods on `WindowAttributes` that are specific to Windows.
#[allow(rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links)]
pub trait WindowAttributesExtWindows {
/// Set an owner to the window to be created. Can be used to create a dialog box, for example.
/// This only works when [`WindowAttributes::with_parent_window`] isn't called or set to `None`.
/// Can be used in combination with
/// [`WindowExtWindows::set_enable(false)`][WindowExtWindows::set_enable] on the owner
/// window to create a modal dialog box.
///
/// From MSDN:
/// - An owned window is always above its owner in the z-order.
/// - The system automatically destroys an owned window when its owner is destroyed.
/// - An owned window is hidden when its owner is minimized.
///
/// For more information, see <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#owned-windows>
fn with_owner_window(self, parent: HWND) -> Self;
/// Sets a menu on the window to be created.
///
/// Parent and menu are mutually exclusive; a child window cannot have a menu!
///
/// The menu must have been manually created beforehand with [`CreateMenu`] or similar.
///
/// Note: Dark mode cannot be supported for win32 menus, it's simply not possible to change how
/// the menus look. If you use this, it is recommended that you combine it with
/// `with_theme(Some(Theme::Light))` to avoid a jarring effect.
#[cfg_attr(
windows_platform,
doc = "[`CreateMenu`]: windows_sys::Win32::UI::WindowsAndMessaging::CreateMenu"
)]
#[cfg_attr(
not(windows_platform),
doc = "[`CreateMenu`]: #only-available-on-windows"
)]
fn with_menu(self, menu: HMENU) -> Self;
/// This sets `ICON_BIG`. A good ceiling here is 256x256.
fn with_taskbar_icon(self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) -> Self;
/// This sets `WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP`.
fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(self, flag: bool) -> Self;
/// Enables or disables drag and drop support (enabled by default). Will interfere with other
/// crates that use multi-threaded COM API (`CoInitializeEx` with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED`
/// instead of `COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED`) on the same thread. Note that winit may still
/// attempt to initialize COM API regardless of this option. Currently only fullscreen mode
/// does that, but there may be more in the future. If you need COM API with
/// `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` you must initialize it before calling any winit functions. See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/objbase/nf-objbase-coinitialize#remarks> for more information.
fn with_drag_and_drop(self, flag: bool) -> Self;
/// Whether show or hide the window icon in the taskbar.
fn with_skip_taskbar(self, skip: bool) -> Self;
/// Customize the window class name.
fn with_class_name<S: Into<String>>(self, class_name: S) -> Self;
/// Shows or hides the background drop shadow for undecorated windows.
///
/// The shadow is hidden by default.
/// Enabling the shadow causes a thin 1px line to appear on the top of the window.
fn with_undecorated_shadow(self, shadow: bool) -> Self;
/// Sets system-drawn backdrop type.
///
/// Requires Windows 11 build 22523+.
fn with_system_backdrop(self, backdrop_type: BackdropType) -> Self;
/// This sets or removes `WS_CLIPCHILDREN` style.
fn with_clip_children(self, flag: bool) -> Self;
/// Sets the color of the window border.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn with_border_color(self, color: Option<Color>) -> Self;
/// Sets the background color of the title bar.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn with_title_background_color(self, color: Option<Color>) -> Self;
/// Sets the color of the window title.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn with_title_text_color(self, color: Color) -> Self;
/// Sets the preferred style of the window corners.
///
/// Supported starting with Windows 11 Build 22000.
fn with_corner_preference(self, corners: CornerPreference) -> Self;
/// Cloaks the window such that it is not visible to the user. The window is still composed by DWM.
///
/// Not supported on Windows 7 and earlier.
fn with_cloaked(self, cloaked: bool) -> Self;
}
impl WindowAttributesExtWindows for WindowAttributes {
#[inline]
fn with_owner_window(mut self, parent: HWND) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.owner = Some(parent);
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_menu(mut self, menu: HMENU) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.menu = Some(menu);
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_taskbar_icon(mut self, taskbar_icon: Option<Icon>) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.taskbar_icon = taskbar_icon;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_no_redirection_bitmap(mut self, flag: bool) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.no_redirection_bitmap = flag;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_drag_and_drop(mut self, flag: bool) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.drag_and_drop = flag;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_skip_taskbar(mut self, skip: bool) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.skip_taskbar = skip;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_class_name<S: Into<String>>(mut self, class_name: S) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.class_name = class_name.into();
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_undecorated_shadow(mut self, shadow: bool) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.decoration_shadow = shadow;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_system_backdrop(mut self, backdrop_type: BackdropType) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.backdrop_type = backdrop_type;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_clip_children(mut self, flag: bool) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.clip_children = flag;
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_border_color(mut self, color: Option<Color>) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.border_color = Some(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE));
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_title_background_color(mut self, color: Option<Color>) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.title_background_color =
Some(color.unwrap_or(Color::NONE));
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_title_text_color(mut self, color: Color) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.title_text_color = Some(color);
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_corner_preference(mut self, corners: CornerPreference) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.corner_preference = Some(corners);
self
}
#[inline]
fn with_cloaked(mut self, cloaked: bool) -> Self {
self.platform_specific.cloaked = cloaked;
self
}
}
/// Additional methods on `MonitorHandle` that are specific to Windows.
pub trait MonitorHandleExtWindows {
/// Returns the name of the monitor adapter specific to the Win32 API.
fn native_id(&self) -> String;
/// Returns the handle of the monitor - `HMONITOR`.
fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR;
}
impl MonitorHandleExtWindows for MonitorHandle {
#[inline]
fn native_id(&self) -> String {
self.inner.native_identifier()
}
#[inline]
fn hmonitor(&self) -> HMONITOR {
self.inner.hmonitor()
}
}
/// Additional methods on `DeviceId` that are specific to Windows.
pub trait DeviceIdExtWindows {
/// Returns an identifier that persistently refers to this specific device.
///
/// Will return `None` if the device is no longer available.
fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String>;
}
impl DeviceIdExtWindows for DeviceId {
#[inline]
fn persistent_identifier(&self) -> Option<String> {
self.0.persistent_identifier()
}
}
/// Additional methods on `Icon` that are specific to Windows.
pub trait IconExtWindows: Sized {
/// Create an icon from a file path.
///
/// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
/// icon size from the file.
///
/// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
/// to get an icon of the desired size.
fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
path: P,
size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>,
) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
/// Create an icon from a resource embedded in this executable or library.
///
/// Specify `size` to load a specific icon size from the file, or `None` to load the default
/// icon size from the file.
///
/// In cases where the specified size does not exist in the file, Windows may perform scaling
/// to get an icon of the desired size.
fn from_resource(
ordinal: u16,
size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>,
) -> Result<Self, BadIcon>;
}
impl IconExtWindows for Icon {
fn from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
path: P,
size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>,
) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
let win_icon = crate::platform_impl::WinIcon::from_path(path, size)?;
Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
}
fn from_resource(
ordinal: u16,
size: Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>,
) -> Result<Self, BadIcon> {
let win_icon = crate::platform_impl::WinIcon::from_resource(ordinal, size)?;
Ok(Icon { inner: win_icon })
}
}