Crate sp_runtime_interface

Expand description

Substrate runtime interface

This crate provides types, traits and macros around runtime interfaces. A runtime interface is a fixed interface between a Substrate runtime and a Substrate node. For a native runtime the interface maps to a direct function call of the implementation. For a wasm runtime the interface maps to an external function call. These external functions are exported by the wasm executor and they map to the same implementation as the native calls.

Using a type in a runtime interface

Any type that should be used in a runtime interface as argument or return value needs to implement RIType. The associated type FFIType is the type that is used in the FFI function to represent the actual type. For example [T] is represented by an u64. The slice pointer and the length will be mapped to an u64 value. For more information see this table. The FFI function definition is used when calling from the wasm runtime into the node.

Traits are used to convert from a type to the corresponding RIType::FFIType. Depending on where and how a type should be used in a function signature, a combination of the following traits need to be implemented:

Pass as function argument: wasm::IntoFFIValue and host::FromFFIValue
As function return value: wasm::FromFFIValue and host::IntoFFIValue
Pass as mutable function argument: host::IntoPreallocatedFFIValue

The traits are implemented for most of the common types like [T], Vec<T>, arrays and primitive types.

For custom types, we provide the PassBy trait and strategies that define how a type is passed between the wasm runtime and the node. Each strategy also provides a derive macro to simplify the implementation.

Performance

To not waste any more performance when calling into the node, not all types are SCALE encoded when being passed as arguments between the wasm runtime and the node. For most types that are raw bytes like Vec<u8>, [u8] or [u8; N] we pass them directly, without SCALE encoding them in front of. The implementation of RIType each type provides more information on how the data is passed.

Declaring a runtime interface

Declaring a runtime interface is similar to declaring a trait in Rust:

#[sp_runtime_interface::runtime_interface]
trait RuntimeInterface {
    fn some_function(value: &[u8]) -> bool {
        value.iter().all(|v| *v > 125)
    }
}

For more information on declaring a runtime interface, see #[runtime_interface].

FFI type and conversion

The following table documents how values of types are passed between the wasm and the host side and how they are converted into the corresponding type.

Type	FFI type	Conversion
`u8`	`u32`	zero-extended to 32-bits
`u16`	`u32`	zero-extended to 32-bits
`u32`	`u32`	`Identity`
`u64`	`u64`	`Identity`
`i128`	`u32`	`v.as_ptr()` (pointer to a 16 byte array)
`i8`	`i32`	sign-extended to 32-bits
`i16`	`i32`	sign-extended to 32-bits
`i32`	`i32`	`Identity`
`i64`	`i64`	`Identity`
`u128`	`u32`	`v.as_ptr()` (pointer to a 16 byte array)
`bool`	`u32`	`if v { 1 } else { 0 }`
`&str`	`u64`	`v.len() 32bit << 32 \| v.as_ptr() 32bit`
`&[u8]`	`u64`	`v.len() 32bit << 32 \| v.as_ptr() 32bit`
`Vec<u8>`	`u64`	`v.len() 32bit << 32 \| v.as_ptr() 32bit`
`Vec<T> where T: Encode`	`u64`	`let e = v.encode();` `e.len() 32bit << 32 \| e.as_ptr() 32bit`
`&[T] where T: Encode`	`u64`	`let e = v.encode();` `e.len() 32bit << 32 \| e.as_ptr() 32bit`
`[u8; N]`	`u32`	`v.as_ptr()`
`*const T`	`u32`	`Identity`
`Option<T>`	`u64`	`let e = v.encode();` `e.len() 32bit << 32 \| e.as_ptr() 32bit`
`T where T: PassBy<PassBy=Inner>`	Depends on inner	Depends on inner
`T where T: PassBy<PassBy=Codec>`	`u64`	`v.len() 32bit << 32 \|v.as_ptr() 32bit`