// Copyright 2015-2023 Benjamin Fry <benjaminfry@me.com>
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or
// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. This file may not be
// copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

//! Error types for the crate

use std::{cmp::Ordering, fmt, io, sync};

use thiserror::Error;
use tracing::debug;

use crate::proto::{
    error::{ProtoError, ProtoErrorKind},
    op::{Query, ResponseCode},
    rr::{
        rdata::SOA,
        resource::{Record, RecordRef},
    },
    xfer::{retry_dns_handle::RetryableError, DnsResponse},
};

#[cfg(feature = "backtrace")]
use crate::proto::{trace, ExtBacktrace};

/// An alias for results returned by functions of this crate
pub type ResolveResult<T> = ::std::result::Result<T, ResolveError>;

#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
/// The error kind for errors that get returned in the crate
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum ResolveErrorKind {
    /// An error with an arbitrary message, referenced as &'static str
    #[error("{0}")]
    Message(&'static str),

    /// An error with an arbitrary message, stored as String
    #[error("{0}")]
    Msg(String),

    /// No resolvers available
    #[error("No connections available")]
    NoConnections,

    /// No records were found for a query
    #[error("no record found for {:?}", query)]
    NoRecordsFound {
        /// The query for which no records were found.
        query: Box<Query>,
        /// If an SOA is present, then this is an authoritative response or a referral to another nameserver, see the negative_type field.
        soa: Option<Box<Record<SOA>>>,
        /// negative ttl, as determined from DnsResponse::negative_ttl
        ///  this will only be present if the SOA was also present.
        negative_ttl: Option<u32>,
        /// ResponseCode, if `NXDOMAIN`, the domain does not exist (and no other types).
        ///   If `NoError`, then the domain exists but there exist either other types at the same label, or subzones of that label.
        response_code: ResponseCode,
        /// If we trust `NXDOMAIN` errors from this server
        trusted: bool,
    },

    // foreign
    /// An error got returned from IO
    #[error("io error: {0}")]
    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),

    /// An error got returned by the trust-dns-proto crate
    #[error("proto error: {0}")]
    Proto(#[from] ProtoError),

    /// A request timed out
    #[error("request timed out")]
    Timeout,
}

impl Clone for ResolveErrorKind {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        use self::ResolveErrorKind::*;
        match self {
            NoConnections => NoConnections,
            Message(msg) => Message(msg),
            Msg(ref msg) => Msg(msg.clone()),
            NoRecordsFound {
                ref query,
                ref soa,
                negative_ttl,
                response_code,
                trusted,
            } => NoRecordsFound {
                query: query.clone(),
                soa: soa.clone(),
                negative_ttl: *negative_ttl,
                response_code: *response_code,
                trusted: *trusted,
            },
            // foreign
            Io(io) => Self::from(std::io::Error::from(io.kind())),
            Proto(proto) => Self::from(proto.clone()),
            Timeout => Timeout,
        }
    }
}

/// The error type for errors that get returned in the crate
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Error)]
pub struct ResolveError {
    pub(crate) kind: ResolveErrorKind,
    #[cfg(feature = "backtrace")]
    backtrack: Option<ExtBacktrace>,
}

impl ResolveError {
    pub(crate) fn nx_error(
        query: Query,
        soa: Option<Record<SOA>>,
        negative_ttl: Option<u32>,
        response_code: ResponseCode,
        trusted: bool,
    ) -> Self {
        ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound {
            query: Box::new(query),
            soa: soa.map(Box::new),
            negative_ttl,
            response_code,
            trusted,
        }
        .into()
    }

    /// Get the kind of the error
    pub fn kind(&self) -> &ResolveErrorKind {
        &self.kind
    }

    pub(crate) fn no_connections() -> Self {
        Self {
            kind: ResolveErrorKind::NoConnections,
            #[cfg(feature = "backtrace")]
            backtrack: trace!(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_no_connections(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.kind, ResolveErrorKind::NoConnections)
    }

    /// A conversion to determine if the response is an error
    pub fn from_response(response: DnsResponse, trust_nx: bool) -> Result<DnsResponse, Self> {
        debug!("Response:{}", *response);

        match response.response_code() {
            response_code @ ResponseCode::ServFail
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::Refused
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::FormErr
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::NotImp
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::YXDomain
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::YXRRSet
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::NXRRSet
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::NotAuth
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::NotZone
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADVERS
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADSIG
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADKEY
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADTIME
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADMODE
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADNAME
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADALG
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADTRUNC
            | response_code @ ResponseCode::BADCOOKIE => {
                let response = response;
                let soa = response.soa().as_ref().map(RecordRef::to_owned);
                let query = response.queries().iter().next().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
                let error_kind = ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound {
                    query: Box::new(query),
                    soa: soa.map(Box::new),
                    negative_ttl: None,
                    response_code,
                    trusted: false,
                };

                Err(Self::from(error_kind))
            }
            // Some NXDOMAIN responses contain CNAME referrals, that will not be an error
            response_code @ ResponseCode::NXDomain |
            // No answers are available, CNAME referrals are not failures
            response_code @ ResponseCode::NoError
            if !response.contains_answer() && !response.truncated() => {
                // TODO: if authoritative, this is cacheable, store a TTL (currently that requires time, need a "now" here)
                // let valid_until = if response.authoritative() { now + response.negative_ttl() };

                let  response = response;
                let soa = response.soa().as_ref().map(RecordRef::to_owned);
                let negative_ttl = response.negative_ttl();
                // Note: improperly configured servers may do recursive lookups and return bad SOA
                // records here via AS112 (blackhole-1.iana.org. etc)
                // Such servers should be marked not trusted, as they may break reverse lookups
                // for local hosts.
                let trusted = trust_nx && soa.is_some();
                let query = response.into_message().take_queries().drain(..).next().unwrap_or_default();
                let error_kind = ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound {
                    query: Box::new(query),
                    soa: soa.map(Box::new),
                    negative_ttl,
                    response_code,
                    trusted,
                };

                Err(Self::from(error_kind))
            }
            ResponseCode::NXDomain
            | ResponseCode::NoError
            | ResponseCode::Unknown(_) => Ok(response),
        }
    }

    /// Compare two errors to see if one contains a server response.
    pub(crate) fn cmp_specificity(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        let kind = self.kind();
        let other = other.kind();

        match (kind, other) {
            (ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound { .. }, ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound { .. }) => {
                return Ordering::Equal
            }
            (ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound { .. }, _) => return Ordering::Greater,
            (_, ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound { .. }) => return Ordering::Less,
            _ => (),
        }

        match (kind, other) {
            (ResolveErrorKind::Io { .. }, ResolveErrorKind::Io { .. }) => return Ordering::Equal,
            (ResolveErrorKind::Io { .. }, _) => return Ordering::Greater,
            (_, ResolveErrorKind::Io { .. }) => return Ordering::Less,
            _ => (),
        }

        match (kind, other) {
            (ResolveErrorKind::Proto { .. }, ResolveErrorKind::Proto { .. }) => {
                return Ordering::Equal
            }
            (ResolveErrorKind::Proto { .. }, _) => return Ordering::Greater,
            (_, ResolveErrorKind::Proto { .. }) => return Ordering::Less,
            _ => (),
        }

        match (kind, other) {
            (ResolveErrorKind::Timeout, ResolveErrorKind::Timeout) => return Ordering::Equal,
            (ResolveErrorKind::Timeout, _) => return Ordering::Greater,
            (_, ResolveErrorKind::Timeout) => return Ordering::Less,
            _ => (),
        }

        Ordering::Equal
    }
}

impl RetryableError for ResolveError {
    fn should_retry(&self) -> bool {
        match self.kind() {
            ResolveErrorKind::Message(_)
            | ResolveErrorKind::Msg(_)
            | ResolveErrorKind::NoConnections
            | ResolveErrorKind::NoRecordsFound { .. } => false,
            ResolveErrorKind::Io(_) | ResolveErrorKind::Proto(_) | ResolveErrorKind::Timeout => {
                true
            }
        }
    }

    fn attempted(&self) -> bool {
        match self.kind() {
            ResolveErrorKind::Proto(e) => !matches!(e.kind(), ProtoErrorKind::Busy),
            _ => true,
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for ResolveError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        cfg_if::cfg_if! {
            if #[cfg(feature = "backtrace")] {
                if let Some(ref backtrace) = self.backtrack {
                    fmt::Display::fmt(&self.kind, f)?;
                    fmt::Debug::fmt(backtrace, f)
                } else {
                    fmt::Display::fmt(&self.kind, f)
                }
            } else {
                fmt::Display::fmt(&self.kind, f)
            }
        }
    }
}

impl From<ResolveErrorKind> for ResolveError {
    fn from(kind: ResolveErrorKind) -> Self {
        Self {
            kind,
            #[cfg(feature = "backtrace")]
            backtrack: trace!(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<&'static str> for ResolveError {
    fn from(msg: &'static str) -> Self {
        ResolveErrorKind::Message(msg).into()
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
#[cfg(feature = "system-config")]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all(feature = "system-config", windows))))]
impl From<ipconfig::error::Error> for ResolveError {
    fn from(e: ipconfig::error::Error) -> ResolveError {
        ResolveErrorKind::Msg(format!("failed to read from registry: {}", e)).into()
    }
}

impl From<String> for ResolveError {
    fn from(msg: String) -> Self {
        ResolveErrorKind::Msg(msg).into()
    }
}

impl From<io::Error> for ResolveError {
    fn from(e: io::Error) -> Self {
        match e.kind() {
            io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => ResolveErrorKind::Timeout.into(),
            _ => ResolveErrorKind::from(e).into(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<ProtoError> for ResolveError {
    fn from(e: ProtoError) -> Self {
        match *e.kind() {
            ProtoErrorKind::Timeout => ResolveErrorKind::Timeout.into(),
            _ => ResolveErrorKind::from(e).into(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<ResolveError> for io::Error {
    fn from(e: ResolveError) -> Self {
        match e.kind() {
            ResolveErrorKind::Timeout => Self::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, e),
            _ => Self::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, e),
        }
    }
}

impl<T> From<sync::PoisonError<T>> for ResolveError {
    fn from(e: sync::PoisonError<T>) -> Self {
        ResolveErrorKind::Msg(format!("lock was poisoned, this is non-recoverable: {e}")).into()
    }
}