pub trait Display {
// Required method
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}
Expand description
Format trait for an empty format, {}
.
Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the
ToString
trait for the type, allowing the usage
of the .to_string()
method. Prefer implementing
the Display
trait for a type, rather than ToString
.
Display
is similar to Debug
, but Display
is for user-facing
output, and so cannot be derived.
For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.
§Internationalization
Because a type can only have one Display
implementation, it is often preferable
to only implement Display
when there is a single most “obvious” way that
values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the
“invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type
display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.
If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want
to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible
formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods
like str::escape_default
or Path::display
which create a wrapper
implementing Display
to output the specific display format.
§Examples
Implementing Display
on a type:
use std::fmt;
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Point {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
}
}
let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };
assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");
Required Methods§
1.0.0 · sourcefn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
Formats the value using the given formatter.
§Errors
This function should return Err
if, and only if, the provided Formatter
returns Err
.
String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only
returns a Result
because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must
provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.
§Examples
use std::fmt;
struct Position {
longitude: f32,
latitude: f32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Position {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
}
}
assert_eq!(
"(1.987, 2.983)",
format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }),
);
Implementors§
impl Display for PublicInputError
impl Display for HashChainError
impl Display for ProgramHashError
impl Display for BuiltinName
NOTE: Adds “_builtin” suffix
impl Display for MathError
impl Display for ProgramError
impl Display for LayoutName
impl Display for MaybeRelocatable
impl Display for CairoPieValidationError
impl Display for CairoRunError
impl Display for ExecScopeError
impl Display for HintError
impl Display for InsufficientAllocatedCellsError
impl Display for MemoryError
impl Display for RunnerError
impl Display for TraceError
impl Display for VirtualMachineError
impl Display for Infallible
impl Display for RecvTimeoutError
impl Display for TryRecvError
impl Display for AsciiChar
impl Display for IpAddr
impl Display for SocketAddr
impl Display for VarError
impl Display for ErrorKind
impl Display for SerializationError
impl Display for base64ct::errors::Error
impl Display for DecodeError
impl Display for EncodeError
impl Display for bzip2::mem::Error
impl Display for FromHexError
impl Display for lambdaworks_crypto::merkle_tree::merkle::Error
impl Display for FFTError
impl Display for MSMError
impl Display for InterpolateError
impl Display for password_hash::errors::Error
impl Display for InvalidValue
impl Display for Algorithm
impl Display for BernoulliError
impl Display for WeightedError
impl Display for rust_decimal::error::Error
impl Display for serde_json::value::Value
impl Display for RecoverError
impl Display for SignError
impl Display for VerifyError
impl Display for FromByteSliceError
impl Display for starknet_ff::from_str_error::FromStrError
impl Display for time::error::Error
impl Display for Month
impl Display for Weekday
impl Display for CompressionMethod
impl Display for ZipError
impl Display for bool
impl Display for char
impl Display for f32
impl Display for f64
impl Display for i8
impl Display for i16
impl Display for i32
impl Display for i64
impl Display for i128
impl Display for isize
impl Display for !
impl Display for str
impl Display for u8
impl Display for u16
impl Display for u32
impl Display for u64
impl Display for u128
impl Display for usize
impl Display for EncodeTraceError
impl Display for String
impl Display for Felt
Represents Felt in decimal by default.
impl Display for Relocatable
impl Display for VmException
impl Display for Memory
impl Display for MemorySegmentManager
impl Display for cairo_vm::with_std::alloc::AllocError
impl Display for LayoutError
impl Display for BorrowError
impl Display for BorrowMutError
impl Display for cairo_vm::with_std::num::ParseFloatError
impl Display for cairo_vm::with_std::num::ParseIntError
impl Display for cairo_vm::with_std::num::TryFromIntError
impl Display for ParseBoolError
impl Display for Utf8Error
impl Display for FromUtf8Error
impl Display for FromUtf16Error
impl Display for RecvError
impl Display for TryFromFloatSecsError
impl Display for UnorderedKeyError
impl Display for TryReserveError
impl Display for FromVecWithNulError
impl Display for IntoStringError
impl Display for NulError
impl Display for TryFromSliceError
impl Display for core::ascii::EscapeDefault
impl Display for CharTryFromError
impl Display for ParseCharError
impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error
impl Display for core::char::EscapeDebug
impl Display for core::char::EscapeDefault
impl Display for core::char::EscapeUnicode
impl Display for ToLowercase
impl Display for ToUppercase
impl Display for TryFromCharError
impl Display for FromBytesUntilNulError
impl Display for FromBytesWithNulError
impl Display for Ipv4Addr
impl Display for Ipv6Addr
Writes an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.
impl Display for AddrParseError
impl Display for SocketAddrV4
impl Display for SocketAddrV6
impl Display for Location<'_>
impl Display for PanicInfo<'_>
impl Display for PanicMessage<'_>
impl Display for Backtrace
impl Display for JoinPathsError
impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>
impl Display for WriterPanicked
impl Display for std::io::error::Error
impl Display for PanicHookInfo<'_>
impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>
impl Display for StripPrefixError
impl Display for ExitStatus
impl Display for ExitStatusError
impl Display for AccessError
impl Display for SystemTimeError
impl Display for allocator_api2::stable::alloc::AllocError
impl Display for anyhow::Error
impl Display for ark_std::io::error::Error
impl Display for InvalidEncodingError
impl Display for InvalidLengthError
impl Display for block_buffer::Error
impl Display for OverflowError
impl Display for StreamCipherError
impl Display for Limb
impl Display for InvalidLength
impl Display for deranged::ParseIntError
impl Display for deranged::TryFromIntError
impl Display for MacError
impl Display for InvalidBufferSize
impl Display for InvalidOutputSize
impl Display for CompressError
impl Display for flate2::mem::DecompressError
impl Display for getrandom::error::Error
impl Display for IntoArrayError
impl Display for NotEqualError
impl Display for OutIsTooSmallError
impl Display for lambdaworks_math::field::element::FieldElement<Mersenne31Field>
impl Display for lambdaworks_math::field::element::FieldElement<Goldilocks64Field>
impl Display for miniz_oxide::inflate::DecompressError
impl Display for num_bigint::bigint::BigInt
impl Display for BigUint
impl Display for ParseBigIntError
impl Display for num_traits::ParseFloatError
impl Display for Output
impl Display for ParamsString
impl Display for SaltString
impl Display for ReadError
impl Display for rand_core::error::Error
impl Display for Decimal
impl Display for serde::de::value::Error
impl Display for serde_json::error::Error
impl Display for Number
impl Display for ExtendedSignature
impl Display for Signature
impl Display for FromByteArrayError
impl Display for starknet_ff::FieldElement
impl Display for ValueOutOfRangeError
impl Display for FeltIsZeroError
impl Display for starknet_types_core::felt::FromStrError
impl Display for Date
impl Display for Duration
The format returned by this implementation is not stable and must not be relied upon.
By default this produces an exact, full-precision printout of the duration.
For a concise, rounded printout instead, you can use the .N
format specifier:
let duration = Duration::new(123456, 789011223);
println!("{duration:.3}");
For the purposes of this implementation, a day is exactly 24 hours and a minute is exactly 60 seconds.
impl Display for ComponentRange
impl Display for ConversionRange
impl Display for DifferentVariant
impl Display for InvalidVariant
impl Display for OffsetDateTime
impl Display for PrimitiveDateTime
impl Display for Time
impl Display for UtcOffset
impl Display for NullPtrError
impl Display for DateTimeRangeError
impl Display for InvalidPassword
impl Display for Arguments<'_>
impl Display for cairo_vm::with_std::fmt::Error
impl<'a> Display for Unexpected<'a>
impl<'a> Display for EscapeAscii<'a>
impl<'a> Display for cairo_vm::with_std::str::EscapeDebug<'a>
impl<'a> Display for cairo_vm::with_std::str::EscapeDefault<'a>
impl<'a> Display for cairo_vm::with_std::str::EscapeUnicode<'a>
impl<'a> Display for Ident<'a>
impl<'a> Display for Salt<'a>
impl<'a> Display for PasswordHash<'a>
impl<'a> Display for password_hash::value::Value<'a>
impl<'a> Display for dyn Expected + 'a
impl<'a, K, V> Display for std::collections::hash::map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V>
impl<'a, K, V, A> Display for alloc::collections::btree::map::entry::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, A>
impl<'a, K, V, S, A> Display for hashbrown::map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, S, A>
impl<'a, T, O> Display for Domain<'a, Const, T, O>
impl<A, O> Display for BitArray<A, O>where
O: BitOrder,
A: BitViewSized,
impl<B> Display for Cow<'_, B>
impl<E> Display for Err<E>where
E: Debug,
impl<E> Display for Report<E>where
E: Error,
impl<F> Display for FormatterFn<F>
impl<I> Display for nom::error::Error<I>where
I: Display,
The Display implementation allows the std::error::Error implementation
impl<L, R> Display for Either<L, R>
impl<M, T, O> Display for BitRef<'_, M, T, O>
impl<M, const NUM_LIMBS: usize> Display for lambdaworks_math::field::element::FieldElement<MontgomeryBackendPrimeField<M, NUM_LIMBS>>
impl<P> Display for CubicExtField<P>where
P: CubicExtConfig,
impl<P> Display for QuadExtField<P>where
P: QuadExtConfig,
impl<P, const N: usize> Display for Fp<P, N>where
P: FpConfig<N>,
Outputs a string containing the value of self
,
represented as a decimal without leading zeroes.