# graphql_client
[](https://github.com/graphql-rust/graphql-client/actions)
[](https://docs.rs/graphql_client/latest/graphql_client/)
[](https://crates.io/crates/graphql_client)
A typed GraphQL client library for Rust.
## Features
- Precise types for query variables and responses.
- Supports GraphQL fragments, objects, unions, inputs, enums, custom scalars and input objects.
- Works in the browser (WebAssembly).
- Subscriptions support (serialization-deserialization only at the moment).
- Copies documentation from the GraphQL schema to the generated Rust code.
- Arbitrary derives on the generated responses.
- Arbitrary custom scalars.
- Supports multiple operations per query document.
- Supports setting GraphQL fields as deprecated and having the Rust compiler check
their use.
- Optional reqwest-based client for boilerplate-free API calls from browsers.
- Implicit and explicit null support.
## Getting started
- If you are not familiar with GraphQL, the [official website](https://graphql.org/) provides a very good and comprehensive introduction.
- Once you have written your query (most likely in something like [graphiql](https://github.com/graphql/graphiql)), save it in a `.graphql` file in your project.
- In order to provide precise types for a response, graphql_client needs to read the query and the schema at compile-time.
To download the schema, you have multiple options. This projects provides a [CLI](https://github.com/graphql-rust/graphql-client/tree/main/graphql_client_cli), however it does not matter what tool you use, the resulting `schema.json` is the same.
- We now have everything we need to derive Rust types for our query. This is achieved through a procedural macro, as in the following snippet:
```rust
use graphql_client::GraphQLQuery;
#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
#[graphql(
schema_path = "tests/unions/union_schema.graphql",
query_path = "tests/unions/union_query.graphql",
)]
pub struct UnionQuery;
```
The `derive` will generate a module named `union_query` in this example - the name is the struct's name, but in snake case.
That module contains all the struct and enum definitions necessary to deserialize a response to that query.
The root type for the response is named `ResponseData`. The GraphQL response will take the form of a `Response<ResponseData>` (the [Response](https://docs.rs/graphql_client/latest/graphql_client/struct.Response.html) type is always the same).
The module also contains a struct called `Variables` representing the variables expected by the query.
* We now need to create the complete payload that we are going to send to the server. For convenience, the [GraphQLQuery trait](https://docs.rs/graphql_client/latest/graphql_client/trait.GraphQLQuery.html), is implemented for the struct under derive, so a complete query body can be created this way:
```rust
use graphql_client::{GraphQLQuery, Response};
use std::error::Error;
use reqwest;
#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
#[graphql(
schema_path = "tests/unions/union_schema.graphql",
query_path = "tests/unions/union_query.graphql",
response_derives = "Debug",
)]
pub struct UnionQuery;
async fn perform_my_query(variables: union_query::Variables) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let request_body = UnionQuery::build_query(variables);
let client = reqwest::Client::new();
let mut res = client.post("/graphql").json(&request_body).send().await?;
let response_body: Response<union_query::ResponseData> = res.json().await?;
println!("{:#?}", response_body);
Ok(())
}
```
[A complete example using the GitHub GraphQL API is available](https://github.com/graphql-rust/graphql-client/tree/main/examples/github).
## Alternative workflow using the CLI
You can introspect GraphQL APIs and generate module from a command line interface to the library:
```bash
$ cargo install graphql_client_cli
$ graphql-client --help
```
## Deriving specific traits on the response
The generated response types always derive `serde::Deserialize` but you may want to print them (`Debug`), compare them (`PartialEq`) or derive any other trait on it. You can achieve this with the `response_derives` option of the `graphql` attribute. Example:
```rust
use graphql_client::GraphQLQuery;
#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
#[graphql(
schema_path = "tests/unions/union_schema.graphql",
query_path = "tests/unions/union_query.graphql",
response_derives = "Serialize,PartialEq",
)]
struct UnionQuery;
```
## Implicit Null
The generated code will skip the serialization of `None` values.
```rust
use graphql_client::GraphQLQuery;
#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
#[graphql(
schema_path = "tests/unions/union_schema.graphql",
query_path = "tests/unions/union_query.graphql",
skip_serializing_none
)]
struct UnionQuery;
```
## Custom scalars
In GraphQL, five scalar types, `Int`, `Float`, `String`, `Boolean`, and `ID`, are available out of the box and are automatically mapped to equivalent types in Rust. However, in addition, custom scalar types can be defined by service providers by adding declarations like `scalar URI` to the server schema.
If such custom scalar types are defined in the schema, depending on the content of the query, the generated code will also reference those scalar types. This means you have to provide matching Rust types in the scope of the struct under derive. It can be as simple as declarations like `type URI = String;`. This gives you complete freedom on how to treat custom scalars, as long as they can be deserialized. If such declarations are not provided, you will get build errors like this:
```
error[E0412]: cannot find type `URI` in module `super`
|
| #[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^ not found in `super`
|
= note: possible candidate is found in another module, you can import it into scope:
crate::repo_view::URI
```
## Deprecations
The generated code has support for [`@deprecated`](http://facebook.github.io/graphql/June2018/#sec-Field-Deprecation)
field annotations. You can configure how deprecations are handled via the `deprecated` argument in the `GraphQLQuery` derive:
```rust
use graphql_client::GraphQLQuery;
#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
#[graphql(
schema_path = "tests/unions/union_schema.graphql",
query_path = "tests/unions/union_query.graphql",
deprecated = "warn"
)]
pub struct UnionQuery;
```
Valid values are:
- `allow`: the response struct fields are not marked as deprecated.
- `warn`: the response struct fields are marked as `#[deprecated]`.
- `deny`: The struct fields are not included in the response struct and
using them is a compile error.
The default is `warn`.
## Query documents with multiple operations
You can write multiple operations in one query document (one `.graphql` file). You can then select one by naming the struct you `#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]` on with the same name as one of the operations. This is neat, as it allows sharing fragments between operations.
Note that the struct and the operation in the GraphQL file *must* have the same name. We enforce this to make the generated code more predictable.
```rust
use graphql_client::GraphQLQuery;
#[derive(GraphQLQuery)]
#[graphql(
schema_path = "tests/unions/union_schema.graphql",
query_path = "tests/unions/union_query.graphql",
)]
pub struct UnionQuery;
```
There is an example [in the tests](./graphql_client/tests/operation_selection).
## Documentation for the generated modules
You can use `cargo doc --document-private-items` to generate rustdoc documentation on the generated code.
## Make cargo recompile when .graphql files have changed
There is an [`include`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-exclude-and-include-fields-optional) option you can add to your `Cargo.toml`. It currently has issues however (see [this issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/6031#issuecomment-422160178)).
## Examples
See the [examples directory](https://github.com/graphql-rust/graphql-client/tree/main/examples) in this repository.
## Contributors
Warmest thanks to all those who contributed in any way (not only code) to this project:
- Alex Vlasov (@indifferentalex)
- Ben Boeckel (@mathstuf)
- Chris Fung (@aergonaut)
- Christian Legnitto (@LegNeato)
- David Gräff (@davidgraeff)
- Dirkjan Ochtman (@djc)
- Fausto Nunez Alberro (@brainlessdeveloper)
- Hirokazu Hata (@h-michael)
- Peter Gundel (@peterfication)
- Sonny Scroggin (@scrogson)
- Sooraj Chandran (@SoorajChandran)
- Tom Houlé (@tomhoule)
## Code of conduct
Anyone who interacts with this project in any space, including but not limited to
this GitHub repository, must follow our [code of conduct](https://github.com/graphql-rust/graphql-client/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
## License
Licensed under either of these:
- Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
### Contributing
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution you intentionally submit
for inclusion in the work, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be
dual-licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.