# pgvector-rust
[pgvector](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector) support for Rust
Supports [Rust-Postgres](https://github.com/sfackler/rust-postgres), [SQLx](https://github.com/launchbadge/sqlx), and [Diesel](https://github.com/diesel-rs/diesel)
[](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/actions)
## Getting Started
Follow the instructions for your database library:
- [Rust-Postgres](#rust-postgres)
- [SQLx](#sqlx)
- [Diesel](#diesel)
Or check out some examples:
- [Embeddings](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/examples/openai/src/main.rs) with OpenAI
- [Binary embeddings](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/examples/cohere/src/main.rs) with Cohere
- [Sentence embeddings](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/examples/candle/src/main.rs) with Candle
- [Hybrid search](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/examples/hybrid_search/src/main.rs) with Candle (Reciprocal Rank Fusion)
- [Recommendations](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/examples/disco/src/main.rs) with Disco
- [Bulk loading](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/examples/loading/src/main.rs) with `COPY`
## Rust-Postgres
Add this line to your application’s `Cargo.toml` under `[dependencies]`:
```toml
pgvector = { version = "0.4", features = ["postgres"] }
```
Enable the extension
```rust
client.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector", &[])?;
```
Create a table
```rust
client.execute("CREATE TABLE items (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding vector(3))", &[])?;
```
Create a vector from a `Vec<f32>`
```rust
use pgvector::Vector;
let embedding = Vector::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]);
```
Insert a vector
```rust
client.execute("INSERT INTO items (embedding) VALUES ($1)", &[&embedding])?;
```
Get the nearest neighbor
```rust
let row = client.query_one(
"SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> $1 LIMIT 1",
&[&embedding],
)?;
```
Retrieve a vector
```rust
let row = client.query_one("SELECT embedding FROM items LIMIT 1", &[])?;
let embedding: Vector = row.get(0);
```
Use `Option` if the value could be `NULL`
```rust
let embedding: Option<Vector> = row.get(0);
```
## SQLx
Add this line to your application’s `Cargo.toml` under `[dependencies]`:
```toml
pgvector = { version = "0.4", features = ["sqlx"] }
```
For SQLx < 0.8, use `version = "0.3"` and [this readme](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/v0.3.4/README.md).
Enable the extension
```rust
sqlx::query("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector")
.execute(&pool)
.await?;
```
Create a table
```rust
sqlx::query("CREATE TABLE items (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding vector(3))")
.execute(&pool)
.await?;
```
Create a vector from a `Vec<f32>`
```rust
use pgvector::Vector;
let embedding = Vector::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]);
```
Insert a vector
```rust
sqlx::query("INSERT INTO items (embedding) VALUES ($1)")
.bind(embedding)
.execute(&pool)
.await?;
```
Get the nearest neighbors
```rust
let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> $1 LIMIT 1")
.bind(embedding)
.fetch_all(&pool)
.await?;
```
Retrieve a vector
```rust
let row = sqlx::query("SELECT embedding FROM items LIMIT 1").fetch_one(&pool).await?;
let embedding: Vector = row.try_get("embedding")?;
```
## Diesel
Add this line to your application’s `Cargo.toml` under `[dependencies]`:
```toml
pgvector = { version = "0.4", features = ["diesel"] }
```
And update your application’s `diesel.toml` under `[print_schema]`:
```toml
import_types = ["diesel::sql_types::*", "pgvector::sql_types::*"]
generate_missing_sql_type_definitions = false
```
Create a migration
```sh
diesel migration generate create_vector_extension
```
with `up.sql`:
```sql
CREATE EXTENSION vector
```
and `down.sql`:
```sql
DROP EXTENSION vector
```
Run the migration
```sql
diesel migration run
```
You can now use the `vector` type in future migrations
```sql
CREATE TABLE items (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
embedding VECTOR(3)
)
```
For models, use:
```rust
use pgvector::Vector;
#[derive(Queryable)]
#[diesel(table_name = items)]
pub struct Item {
pub id: i32,
pub embedding: Option<Vector>,
}
#[derive(Insertable)]
#[diesel(table_name = items)]
pub struct NewItem {
pub embedding: Option<Vector>,
}
```
Create a vector from a `Vec<f32>`
```rust
let embedding = Vector::from(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]);
```
Insert a vector
```rust
let new_item = NewItem {
embedding: Some(embedding)
};
diesel::insert_into(items::table)
.values(&new_item)
.get_result::<Item>(&mut conn)?;
```
Get the nearest neighbors
```rust
use pgvector::VectorExpressionMethods;
let neighbors = items::table
.order(items::embedding.l2_distance(embedding))
.limit(5)
.load::<Item>(&mut conn)?;
```
Also supports `max_inner_product`, `cosine_distance`, `l1_distance`, `hamming_distance`, and `jaccard_distance`
Get the distances
```rust
let distances = items::table
.select(items::embedding.l2_distance(embedding))
.load::<Option<f64>>(&mut conn)?;
```
Add an approximate index in a migration
```sql
CREATE INDEX my_index ON items USING hnsw (embedding vector_l2_ops)
-- or
CREATE INDEX my_index ON items USING ivfflat (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 100)
```
Use `vector_ip_ops` for inner product and `vector_cosine_ops` for cosine distance
## Serialization
Use the `serde` feature to enable serialization
## Half Vectors
Use the `halfvec` feature to enable half vectors
## Reference
Convert a vector to a `Vec<f32>`
```rust
let f32_vec: Vec<f32> = vec.into();
```
Get a slice
```rust
let slice = vec.as_slice();
```
## History
View the [changelog](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
## Contributing
Everyone is encouraged to help improve this project. Here are a few ways you can help:
- [Report bugs](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/issues)
- Fix bugs and [submit pull requests](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust/pulls)
- Write, clarify, or fix documentation
- Suggest or add new features
To get started with development:
```sh
git clone https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-rust.git
cd pgvector-rust
createdb pgvector_rust_test
cargo test --all-features
```