rand 0.9.0

Random number generators and other randomness functionality.
Documentation 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

# Rand

[![Test Status](https://github.com/rust-random/rand/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/rust-random/rand/actions)
[![Crate](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rand.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rand)
[![Book](https://img.shields.io/badge/book-master-yellow.svg)](https://rust-random.github.io/book/)
[![API](https://img.shields.io/badge/api-master-yellow.svg)](https://rust-random.github.io/rand/rand)
[![API](https://docs.rs/rand/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/rand)

Rand is a set of crates supporting (pseudo-)random generators:

-   Built over a standard RNG trait: [`rand_core::RngCore`](https://docs.rs/rand_core/latest/rand_core/trait.RngCore.html)
-   With fast implementations of both [strong](https://rust-random.github.io/book/guide-rngs.html#cryptographically-secure-pseudo-random-number-generators-csprngs) and
    [small](https://rust-random.github.io/book/guide-rngs.html#basic-pseudo-random-number-generators-prngs) generators: [`rand::rngs`](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/rngs/index.html), and more RNGs: [`rand_chacha`](https://docs.rs/rand_chacha), [`rand_xoshiro`](https://docs.rs/rand_xoshiro/), [`rand_pcg`](https://docs.rs/rand_pcg/), [rngs repo](https://github.com/rust-random/rngs/)
-   [`rand::rng`](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/fn.rng.html) is an asymptotically-fast, automatically-seeded and reasonably strong generator available on all `std` targets
-   Direct support for seeding generators from the [getrandom] crate

With broad support for random value generation and random processes:

-   [`StandardUniform`](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/distributions/struct.StandardUniform.html) random value sampling,
    [`Uniform`](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/distributions/struct.Uniform.html)-ranged value sampling
    and [more](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/distr/index.html)
-   Samplers for a large number of non-uniform random number distributions via our own
    [`rand_distr`](https://docs.rs/rand_distr) and via
    the [`statrs`](https://docs.rs/statrs/0.13.0/statrs/)
-   Random processes (mostly choose and shuffle) via [`rand::seq`](https://docs.rs/rand/latest/rand/seq/index.html) traits

All with:

-   [Portably reproducible output](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html)
-   `#[no_std]` compatibility (partial)
-   *Many* performance optimisations thanks to contributions from the wide
    user-base

Rand **is not**:

-   Small (LoC). Most low-level crates are small, but the higher-level `rand`
    and `rand_distr` each contain a lot of functionality.
-   Simple (implementation). We have a strong focus on correctness, speed and flexibility, but
    not simplicity. If you prefer a small-and-simple library, there are
    alternatives including [fastrand](https://crates.io/crates/fastrand)
    and [oorandom](https://crates.io/crates/oorandom).
-   A cryptography library. Rand provides functionality for generating
    unpredictable random data (potentially applicable depending on requirements)
    but does not provide high-level cryptography functionality.

Rand is a community project and cannot provide legally-binding guarantees of
security.

Documentation:

-   [The Rust Rand Book](https://rust-random.github.io/book)
-   [API reference (master branch)](https://rust-random.github.io/rand)
-   [API reference (docs.rs)](https://docs.rs/rand)


## Versions

Rand is *mature* (suitable for general usage, with infrequent breaking releases
which minimise breakage) but not yet at 1.0. Current versions are:

-   Version 0.9 was released in January 2025.

See the [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) or [Upgrade Guide](https://rust-random.github.io/book/update.html) for more details.

## Crate Features

Rand is built with these features enabled by default:

-   `std` enables functionality dependent on the `std` lib
-   `alloc` (implied by `std`) enables functionality requiring an allocator
-   `os_rng` (implied by `std`) enables `rngs::OsRng`, using the [getrandom] crate
-   `std_rng` enables inclusion of `StdRng`, `ThreadRng`

Optionally, the following dependencies can be enabled:

-   `log` enables logging via [log](https://crates.io/crates/log)

Additionally, these features configure Rand:

-   `small_rng` enables inclusion of the `SmallRng` PRNG
-   `nightly` includes some additions requiring nightly Rust
-   `simd_support` (experimental) enables sampling of SIMD values
    (uniformly random SIMD integers and floats), requiring nightly Rust

Note that nightly features are not stable and therefore not all library and
compiler versions will be compatible. This is especially true of Rand's
experimental `simd_support` feature.

Rand supports limited functionality in `no_std` mode (enabled via
`default-features = false`). In this case, `OsRng` and `from_os_rng` are
unavailable (unless `os_rng` is enabled), large parts of `seq` are
unavailable (unless `alloc` is enabled), and `ThreadRng` is unavailable.

## Portability and platform support

Many (but not all) algorithms are intended to have reproducible output. Read more in the book: [Portability](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html).

The Rand library supports a variety of CPU architectures. Platform integration is outsourced to [getrandom].

### WASM support

Seeding entropy from OS on WASM target `wasm32-unknown-unknown` is not
*automatically* supported by `rand` or `getrandom`. If you are fine with
seeding the generator manually, you can disable the `os_rng` feature
and use the methods on the `SeedableRng` trait. To enable seeding from OS,
either use a different target such as `wasm32-wasi` or add a direct
dependency on [getrandom] with the `js` feature (if the target supports
JavaScript). See
[getrandom#WebAssembly support](https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/#webassembly-support).

# License

Rand is distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the
Apache License (Version 2.0).

See [LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) and [LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT), and
[COPYRIGHT](COPYRIGHT) for details.

[getrandom]: https://crates.io/crates/getrandom