# Rusqlite
[](https://travis-ci.org/jgallagher/rusqlite)
[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/jgallagher/rusqlite)
[](https://deps.rs/repo/github/jgallagher/rusqlite)
[](https://crates.io/crates/rusqlite)
[](https://docs.rs/rusqlite)
Rusqlite is an ergonomic wrapper for using SQLite from Rust. It attempts to expose
an interface similar to [rust-postgres](https://github.com/sfackler/rust-postgres).
```rust
use rusqlite::types::ToSql;
use rusqlite::{Connection, Result, NO_PARAMS};
use time::Timespec;
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Person {
id: i32,
name: String,
time_created: Timespec,
data: Option<Vec<u8>>,
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let conn = Connection::open_in_memory()?;
conn.execute(
"CREATE TABLE person (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
time_created TEXT NOT NULL,
data BLOB
)",
NO_PARAMS,
)?;
let me = Person {
id: 0,
name: "Steven".to_string(),
time_created: time::get_time(),
data: None,
};
conn.execute(
"INSERT INTO person (name, time_created, data)
VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3)",
&[&me.name as &ToSql, &me.time_created, &me.data],
)?;
let mut stmt = conn
.prepare("SELECT id, name, time_created, data FROM person")?;
let person_iter = stmt
.query_map(NO_PARAMS, |row| Ok(Person {
id: row.get(0)?,
name: row.get(1)?,
time_created: row.get(2)?,
data: row.get(3)?,
}))?;
for person in person_iter {
println!("Found person {:?}", person.unwrap());
}
Ok(())
}
```
### Supported SQLite Versions
The base `rusqlite` package supports SQLite version 3.6.8 or newer. If you need
support for older versions, please file an issue. Some cargo features require a
newer SQLite version; see details below.
### Optional Features
Rusqlite provides several features that are behind [Cargo
features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-features-section). They are:
* [`load_extension`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/struct.LoadExtensionGuard.html)
allows loading dynamic library-based SQLite extensions.
* [`backup`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/backup/index.html)
allows use of SQLite's online backup API. Note: This feature requires SQLite 3.6.11 or later.
* [`functions`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/functions/index.html)
allows you to load Rust closures into SQLite connections for use in queries.
Note: This feature requires SQLite 3.7.3 or later.
* [`trace`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/trace/index.html)
allows hooks into SQLite's tracing and profiling APIs. Note: This feature
requires SQLite 3.6.23 or later.
* [`blob`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/blob/index.html)
gives `std::io::{Read, Write, Seek}` access to SQL BLOBs. Note: This feature
requires SQLite 3.7.4 or later.
* [`limits`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/struct.Connection.html#method.limit)
allows you to set and retrieve SQLite's per connection limits.
* `chrono` implements [`FromSql`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/types/trait.FromSql.html)
and [`ToSql`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/types/trait.ToSql.html) for various
types from the [`chrono` crate](https://crates.io/crates/chrono).
* `serde_json` implements [`FromSql`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/types/trait.FromSql.html)
and [`ToSql`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/types/trait.ToSql.html) for the
`Value` type from the [`serde_json` crate](https://crates.io/crates/serde_json).
* `url` implements [`FromSql`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/types/trait.FromSql.html)
and [`ToSql`](https://docs.rs/rusqlite/~0/rusqlite/types/trait.ToSql.html) for the
`Url` type from the [`url` crate](https://crates.io/crates/url).
* `bundled` uses a bundled version of sqlite3. This is a good option for cases where linking to sqlite3 is complicated, such as Windows.
* `sqlcipher` looks for the SQLCipher library to link against instead of SQLite. This feature is mutually exclusive with `bundled`.
* `hooks` for [Commit, Rollback](http://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html) and [Data Change](http://sqlite.org/c3ref/update_hook.html) notification callbacks.
* `unlock_notify` for [Unlock](https://sqlite.org/unlock_notify.html) notification.
* `vtab` for [virtual table](https://sqlite.org/vtab.html) support (allows you to write virtual table implemntations in Rust). Currently, only read-only virtual tables are supported.
* [`csvtab`](https://sqlite.org/csv.html), CSV virtual table written in Rust.
* [`array`](https://sqlite.org/carray.html), The `rarray()` Table-Valued Function.
* `i128_blob` allows storing values of type `i128` type in SQLite databases. Internally, the data is stored as a 16 byte big-endian blob, with the most significant bit flipped, which allows ordering and comparison between different blobs storing i128s to work as expected.
* `uuid` allows storing and retrieving `Uuid` values from the [`uuid`](https://docs.rs/uuid/) crate using blobs.
* [`session`](https://sqlite.org/sessionintro.html), Session module extension.
## Notes on building rusqlite and libsqlite3-sys
`libsqlite3-sys` is a separate crate from `rusqlite` that provides the Rust
declarations for SQLite's C API. By default, `libsqlite3-sys` attempts to find a SQLite library that already exists on your system using pkg-config, or a
[Vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) installation for MSVC ABI builds.
You can adjust this behavior in a number of ways:
* If you use the `bundled` feature, `libsqlite3-sys` will use the
[gcc](https://crates.io/crates/gcc) crate to compile SQLite from source and
link against that. This source is embedded in the `libsqlite3-sys` crate and
is currently SQLite 3.29.0 (as of `rusqlite` 0.20.0 / `libsqlite3-sys`
0.16.0). This is probably the simplest solution to any build problems. You can enable this by adding the following in your `Cargo.toml` file:
```
[dependencies.rusqlite]
version = "0.20.0"
features = ["bundled"]
```
* You can set the `SQLITE3_LIB_DIR` to point to directory containing the SQLite
library.
* Installing the sqlite3 development packages will usually be all that is required, but
the build helpers for [pkg-config](https://github.com/alexcrichton/pkg-config-rs)
and [vcpkg](https://github.com/mcgoo/vcpkg-rs) have some additional configuration
options. The default when using vcpkg is to dynamically link,
which must be enabled by setting `VCPKGRS_DYNAMIC=1` environment variable before build.
`vcpkg install sqlite3:x64-windows` will install the required library.
### Binding generation
We use [bindgen](https://crates.io/crates/bindgen) to generate the Rust
declarations from SQLite's C header file. `bindgen`
[recommends](https://github.com/servo/rust-bindgen#library-usage-with-buildrs)
running this as part of the build process of libraries that used this. We tried
this briefly (`rusqlite` 0.10.0, specifically), but it had some annoyances:
* The build time for `libsqlite3-sys` (and therefore `rusqlite`) increased
dramatically.
* Running `bindgen` requires a relatively-recent version of Clang, which many
systems do not have installed by default.
* Running `bindgen` also requires the SQLite header file to be present.
As of `rusqlite` 0.10.1, we avoid running `bindgen` at build-time by shipping
pregenerated bindings for several versions of SQLite. When compiling
`rusqlite`, we use your selected Cargo features to pick the bindings for the
minimum SQLite version that supports your chosen features. If you are using
`libsqlite3-sys` directly, you can use the same features to choose which
pregenerated bindings are chosen:
* `min_sqlite_version_3_6_8` - SQLite 3.6.8 bindings (this is the default)
* `min_sqlite_version_3_6_23` - SQLite 3.6.23 bindings
* `min_sqlite_version_3_7_7` - SQLite 3.7.7 bindings
If you use the `bundled` feature, you will get pregenerated bindings for the
bundled version of SQLite. If you need other specific pregenerated binding
versions, please file an issue. If you want to run `bindgen` at buildtime to
produce your own bindings, use the `buildtime_bindgen` Cargo feature.
## Author
John Gallagher, johnkgallagher@gmail.com
## License
Rusqlite is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.