Struct SelectStatement

pub struct SelectStatement { /* private fields */ }

Select rows from an existing table

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .left_join(Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::SizeW).is_in([3, 4]))
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Character).like("A%"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` LEFT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` WHERE `size_w` IN (3, 4) AND `character` LIKE 'A%'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" LEFT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" WHERE "size_w" IN (3, 4) AND "character" LIKE 'A%'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" LEFT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" WHERE "size_w" IN (3, 4) AND "character" LIKE 'A%'"#
);

Implementations

impl SelectStatement

pub fn new() -> Self

Construct a new SelectStatement

pub fn take(&mut self) -> Self

Take the ownership of data in the current SelectStatement

pub fn conditions<T, F>( &mut self, b: bool, if_true: T, if_false: F, ) -> &mut Self

where T: FnOnce(&mut Self), F: FnOnce(&mut Self),

A shorthand to express if … else … when constructing the select statement.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .conditions(
        true,
        |x| {
            x.and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5));
        },
        |x| {
            x.and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(10));
        },
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5"#
);

pub fn apply_if<T, F>(&mut self, val: Option<T>, if_some: F) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized, F: FnOnce(&mut Self, T),

A shorthand to express if … else … when constructing the select statement.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .apply_if(Some(5), |q, v| {
        q.and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(v));
    })
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5"#
);

pub fn apply<F>(&mut self, func: F) -> &mut Self

where F: FnOnce(&mut Self),

Construct part of the select statement in another function.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let common_expr = |q: &mut SelectStatement| {
    q.and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5));
};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .apply(common_expr)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5"#
);

pub fn clear_selects(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Clear the select list

pub fn expr<T>(&mut self, expr: T) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SelectExpr>,

Add an expression to the select expression list.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr(Expr::val(42))
    .expr(Expr::col(Char::Id).max())
    .expr((1..10_i32).fold(Expr::value(0), |expr, i| expr.add(i)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT 42, MAX(`id`), 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT 42, MAX("id"), 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT 42, MAX("id"), 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 FROM "character""#
);

pub fn exprs<T, I>(&mut self, exprs: I) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SelectExpr>, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Add select expressions from vector of SelectExpr.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .exprs([
        Expr::col(Char::Id).max(),
        (1..10_i32).fold(Expr::value(0), |expr, i| expr.add(i)),
    ])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MAX(`id`), 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MAX("id"), 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MAX("id"), 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 FROM "character""#
);

pub fn exprs_mut_for_each<F>(&mut self, func: F)

where F: FnMut(&mut SelectExpr),

pub fn distinct(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Select distinct

pub fn distinct_on<T, I>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Select distinct on for POSTGRES ONLY

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .distinct_on([Char::Character])
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .column(Char::SizeH)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT DISTINCT ON ("character") "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
)

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .distinct_on(vec![(Char::Table, Char::Character)])
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .column(Char::SizeH)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT DISTINCT ON ("character"."character") "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
)

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let distinct_cols: Vec<Character> = vec![];
let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .distinct_on(distinct_cols)
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .column(Char::SizeH)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
)

pub fn column<C>(&mut self, col: C) -> &mut Self

where C: IntoColumnRef,

Add a column to the select expression list.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .column(Char::SizeH)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
);

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .column((Char::Table, Char::Character))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`.`character` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character"."character" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character"."character" FROM "character""#
);

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .column((Alias::new("schema"), Char::Table, Char::Character))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `schema`.`character`.`character` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "schema"."character"."character" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "schema"."character"."character" FROM "character""#
);

pub fn columns<T, I>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Select columns.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character""#
);

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .columns([
        (Char::Table, Char::Character),
        (Char::Table, Char::SizeW),
        (Char::Table, Char::SizeH),
    ])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`.`character`, `character`.`size_w`, `character`.`size_h` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character"."character", "character"."size_w", "character"."size_h" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character"."character", "character"."size_w", "character"."size_h" FROM "character""#
);

pub fn expr_as<T, A>(&mut self, expr: T, alias: A) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SimpleExpr>, A: IntoIden,

Select column.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr_as(Expr::col(Char::Character), Alias::new("C"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` AS `C` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" AS "C" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" AS "C" FROM "character""#
);

pub fn expr_window<T>(&mut self, expr: T, window: WindowStatement) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Select column with window function.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr_window(
        Expr::col(Char::Character),
        WindowStatement::partition_by(Char::FontSize),
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` OVER ( PARTITION BY `font_size` ) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER ( PARTITION BY "font_size" ) FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER ( PARTITION BY "font_size" ) FROM "character""#
);

pub fn expr_window_as<T, A>( &mut self, expr: T, window: WindowStatement, alias: A, ) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SimpleExpr>, A: IntoIden,

Select column with window function and label.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr_window_as(
        Expr::col(Char::Character),
        WindowStatement::partition_by(Char::FontSize),
        Alias::new("C"),
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` OVER ( PARTITION BY `font_size` ) AS `C` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER ( PARTITION BY "font_size" ) AS "C" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER ( PARTITION BY "font_size" ) AS "C" FROM "character""#
);

pub fn expr_window_name<T, W>(&mut self, expr: T, window: W) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SimpleExpr>, W: IntoIden,

Select column with window name.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr_window_name(Expr::col(Char::Character), Alias::new("w"))
    .window(
        Alias::new("w"),
        WindowStatement::partition_by(Char::FontSize),
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` OVER `w` FROM `character` WINDOW `w` AS PARTITION BY `font_size`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER "w" FROM "character" WINDOW "w" AS PARTITION BY "font_size""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER "w" FROM "character" WINDOW "w" AS PARTITION BY "font_size""#
);

pub fn expr_window_name_as<T, W, A>( &mut self, expr: T, window: W, alias: A, ) -> &mut Self

where T: Into<SimpleExpr>, A: IntoIden, W: IntoIden,

Select column with window name and label.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr_window_name_as(Expr::col(Char::Character), Alias::new("w"), Alias::new("C"))
    .window(Alias::new("w"), WindowStatement::partition_by(Char::FontSize))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` OVER `w` AS `C` FROM `character` WINDOW `w` AS PARTITION BY `font_size`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER "w" AS "C" FROM "character" WINDOW "w" AS PARTITION BY "font_size""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER "w" AS "C" FROM "character" WINDOW "w" AS PARTITION BY "font_size""#
);

pub fn from<R>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef,

From table.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::FontSize)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `font_size` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "character""#
);

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::FontSize)
    .from((Char::Table, Glyph::Table))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `font_size` FROM `character`.`glyph`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "character"."glyph""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "character"."glyph""#
);

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::FontSize)
    .from((Alias::new("database"), Char::Table, Glyph::Table))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `font_size` FROM `database`.`character`.`glyph`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "database"."character"."glyph""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "database"."character"."glyph""#
);

If you specify from multiple times, the resulting query will have multiple from clauses. You can perform an ‘old-school’ join this way.

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::asterisk())
    .from(Char::Table)
    .from(Font::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((Char::Table, Char::FontId)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM `character`, `font` WHERE `font`.`id` = `character`.`font_id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM "character", "font" WHERE "font"."id" = "character"."font_id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM "character", "font" WHERE "font"."id" = "character"."font_id""#
);

pub fn from_values<I, V, A>(&mut self, value_tuples: I, alias: A) -> &mut Self

where I: IntoIterator<Item = V>, V: IntoValueTuple, A: IntoIden,

Shorthand for selecting from a constant value list. Panics on an empty values list.

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::asterisk())
    .from_values([(1, "hello"), (2, "world")], Alias::new("x"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM (VALUES ROW(1, 'hello'), ROW(2, 'world')) AS `x`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1, 'hello'), (2, 'world')) AS "x""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1, 'hello'), (2, 'world')) AS "x""#
);

pub fn from_as<R, A>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R, alias: A) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, A: IntoIden,

From table with alias.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let table_as: DynIden = SeaRc::new(Alias::new("char"));

let query = Query::select()
    .from_as(Char::Table, table_as.clone())
    .column((table_as.clone(), Char::Character))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `char`.`character` FROM `character` AS `char`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "char"."character" FROM "character" AS "char""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "char"."character" FROM "character" AS "char""#
);

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let table_as = Alias::new("alias");

let query = Query::select()
    .from_as((Font::Table, Char::Table), table_as.clone())
    .column((table_as, Char::Character))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `alias`.`character` FROM `font`.`character` AS `alias`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "alias"."character" FROM "font"."character" AS "alias""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "alias"."character" FROM "font"."character" AS "alias""#
);

pub fn from_subquery<T>( &mut self, query: SelectStatement, alias: T, ) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoIden,

From sub-query.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Glyph::Image])
    .from_subquery(
        Query::select()
            .columns([Glyph::Image, Glyph::Aspect])
            .from(Glyph::Table)
            .take(),
        Alias::new("subglyph"),
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `image` FROM (SELECT `image`, `aspect` FROM `glyph`) AS `subglyph`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "image" FROM (SELECT "image", "aspect" FROM "glyph") AS "subglyph""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "image" FROM (SELECT "image", "aspect" FROM "glyph") AS "subglyph""#
);

pub fn from_function<T>(&mut self, func: FunctionCall, alias: T) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoIden,

From function call.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(ColumnRef::Asterisk)
    .from_function(Func::random(), Alias::new("func"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM RAND() AS `func`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM RANDOM() AS "func""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM RANDOM() AS "func""#
);

pub fn from_clear(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Clears all current from clauses.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(ColumnRef::Asterisk)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .from_clear()
    .from(Font::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM `font`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM "font""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT * FROM "font""#
);

pub fn cross_join<R, C>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, C: IntoCondition,

Cross join.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .cross_join(Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` CROSS JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" CROSS JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" CROSS JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
let query = Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .cross_join(
            Font::Table,
            all![
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
            ]
        )
        .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` CROSS JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` AND `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" CROSS JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" CROSS JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

pub fn left_join<R, C>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, C: IntoCondition,

Left join.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .left_join(Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` LEFT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" LEFT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" LEFT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
let query = Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .left_join(
            Font::Table,
            all![
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
            ]
        )
        .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` LEFT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` AND `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" LEFT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" LEFT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

pub fn right_join<R, C>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, C: IntoCondition,

Right join.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .right_join(Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
let query = Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .right_join(
            Font::Table,
            all![
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
            ]
        )
        .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` AND `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

pub fn inner_join<R, C>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, C: IntoCondition,

Inner join.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .inner_join(Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` INNER JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" INNER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" INNER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
let query = Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .inner_join(
            Font::Table,
            all![
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
            ]
        )
        .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` INNER JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` AND `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" INNER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" INNER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

pub fn full_outer_join<R, C>(&mut self, tbl_ref: R, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, C: IntoCondition,

Full outer join.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .full_outer_join(Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" FULL OUTER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" FULL OUTER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
let query = Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .full_outer_join(
            Font::Table,
            all![
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
            ]
        )
        .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" FULL OUTER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" FULL OUTER JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

pub fn join<R, C>( &mut self, join: JoinType, tbl_ref: R, condition: C, ) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, C: IntoCondition,

Join with other table by JoinType.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .join(JoinType::RightJoin, Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
let query = Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .join(
            JoinType::RightJoin,
            Font::Table,
            all![
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
                Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)),
            ]
        )
        .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` AND `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" AND "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

pub fn join_as<R, A, C>( &mut self, join: JoinType, tbl_ref: R, alias: A, condition: C, ) -> &mut Self

where R: IntoTableRef, A: IntoIden, C: IntoCondition,

Join with other table by JoinType, assigning an alias to the joined table.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .join_as(
        JoinType::RightJoin,
        Font::Table,
        Alias::new("f"),
        Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id))
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` AS `f` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" AS "f" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" AS "f" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
assert_eq!(
    Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
        .from(Char::Table)
        .join_as(
            JoinType::RightJoin,
            Font::Table,
            Alias::new("f"),
            Condition::all()
                .add(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
                .add(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
        )
        .to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` AS `f` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` AND `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);

pub fn join_subquery<T, C>( &mut self, join: JoinType, query: SelectStatement, alias: T, condition: C, ) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoIden, C: IntoCondition,

Join with sub-query.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let sub_glyph: DynIden = SeaRc::new(Alias::new("sub_glyph"));
let query = Query::select()
    .column(Font::Name)
    .from(Font::Table)
    .join_subquery(
        JoinType::LeftJoin,
        Query::select().column(Glyph::Id).from(Glyph::Table).take(),
        sub_glyph.clone(),
        Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((sub_glyph.clone(), Glyph::Id))
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `name` FROM `font` LEFT JOIN (SELECT `id` FROM `glyph`) AS `sub_glyph` ON `font`.`id` = `sub_glyph`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "name" FROM "font" LEFT JOIN (SELECT "id" FROM "glyph") AS "sub_glyph" ON "font"."id" = "sub_glyph"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "name" FROM "font" LEFT JOIN (SELECT "id" FROM "glyph") AS "sub_glyph" ON "font"."id" = "sub_glyph"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
assert_eq!(
    Query::select()
        .column(Font::Name)
        .from(Font::Table)
        .join_subquery(
            JoinType::LeftJoin,
            Query::select().column(Glyph::Id).from(Glyph::Table).take(),
            sub_glyph.clone(),
            Condition::all()
                .add(Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((sub_glyph.clone(), Glyph::Id)))
                .add(Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((sub_glyph.clone(), Glyph::Id)))
        )
        .to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `name` FROM `font` LEFT JOIN (SELECT `id` FROM `glyph`) AS `sub_glyph` ON `font`.`id` = `sub_glyph`.`id` AND `font`.`id` = `sub_glyph`.`id`"#
);

pub fn join_lateral<T, C>( &mut self, join: JoinType, query: SelectStatement, alias: T, condition: C, ) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoIden, C: IntoCondition,

Join Lateral with sub-query. Not supported by SQLite.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let sub_glyph: DynIden = SeaRc::new(Alias::new("sub_glyph"));
let query = Query::select()
    .column(Font::Name)
    .from(Font::Table)
    .join_lateral(
        JoinType::LeftJoin,
        Query::select().column(Glyph::Id).from(Glyph::Table).take(),
        sub_glyph.clone(),
        Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((sub_glyph.clone(), Glyph::Id))
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `name` FROM `font` LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT `id` FROM `glyph`) AS `sub_glyph` ON `font`.`id` = `sub_glyph`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "name" FROM "font" LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT "id" FROM "glyph") AS "sub_glyph" ON "font"."id" = "sub_glyph"."id""#
);

// Constructing chained join conditions
assert_eq!(
    Query::select()
        .column(Font::Name)
        .from(Font::Table)
        .join_lateral(
            JoinType::LeftJoin,
            Query::select().column(Glyph::Id).from(Glyph::Table).take(),
            sub_glyph.clone(),
            Condition::all()
                .add(Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((sub_glyph.clone(), Glyph::Id)))
                .add(Expr::col((Font::Table, Font::Id)).equals((sub_glyph.clone(), Glyph::Id)))
        )
        .to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `name` FROM `font` LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT `id` FROM `glyph`) AS `sub_glyph` ON `font`.`id` = `sub_glyph`.`id` AND `font`.`id` = `sub_glyph`.`id`"#
);

pub fn group_by_columns<T, I>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Group by columns.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .join(JoinType::RightJoin, Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .group_by_columns([
        Char::Character,
    ])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` GROUP BY `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" GROUP BY "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" GROUP BY "character""#
);

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .join(JoinType::RightJoin, Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .group_by_columns([
        (Char::Table, Char::Character),
    ])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` GROUP BY `character`.`character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" GROUP BY "character"."character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" GROUP BY "character"."character""#
);

pub fn group_by_col<T>(&mut self, col: T) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef,

Add a group by column.

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .column((Font::Table, Font::Name))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .join(JoinType::RightJoin, Font::Table, Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .group_by_col((Char::Table, Char::Character))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font`.`name` FROM `character` RIGHT JOIN `font` ON `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id` GROUP BY `character`.`character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" GROUP BY "character"."character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font"."name" FROM "character" RIGHT JOIN "font" ON "character"."font_id" = "font"."id" GROUP BY "character"."character""#
);

pub fn add_group_by<I>(&mut self, expr: I) -> &mut Self

where I: IntoIterator<Item = SimpleExpr>,

Add group by expressions from vector of SelectExpr.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .column(Char::Character)
    .add_group_by([Expr::col(Char::SizeW).into(), Expr::col(Char::SizeH).into()])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` GROUP BY `size_w`, `size_h`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" GROUP BY "size_w", "size_h""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" GROUP BY "size_w", "size_h""#
);

pub fn cond_having<C>(&mut self, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where C: IntoCondition,

Having condition, expressed with any! and all!.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Glyph::Aspect)
    .expr(Expr::col(Glyph::Image).max())
    .from(Glyph::Table)
    .group_by_columns([
        Glyph::Aspect,
    ])
    .cond_having(
        all![
            Expr::col((Glyph::Table, Glyph::Aspect)).is_in([3, 4]),
            any![
                Expr::col((Glyph::Table, Glyph::Image)).like("A%"),
                Expr::col((Glyph::Table, Glyph::Image)).like("B%")
            ]
        ]
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `aspect`, MAX(`image`) FROM `glyph` GROUP BY `aspect` HAVING `glyph`.`aspect` IN (3, 4) AND (`glyph`.`image` LIKE 'A%' OR `glyph`.`image` LIKE 'B%')"#
);

pub fn and_having(&mut self, other: SimpleExpr) -> &mut Self

And having condition.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Glyph::Aspect)
    .expr(Expr::col(Glyph::Image).max())
    .from(Glyph::Table)
    .group_by_columns([
        Glyph::Aspect,
    ])
    .and_having(Expr::col(Glyph::Aspect).gt(2))
    .cond_having(Expr::col(Glyph::Aspect).lt(8))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `aspect`, MAX(`image`) FROM `glyph` GROUP BY `aspect` HAVING `aspect` > 2 AND `aspect` < 8"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "aspect", MAX("image") FROM "glyph" GROUP BY "aspect" HAVING "aspect" > 2 AND "aspect" < 8"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "aspect", MAX("image") FROM "glyph" GROUP BY "aspect" HAVING "aspect" > 2 AND "aspect" < 8"#
);

pub fn limit(&mut self, limit: u64) -> &mut Self

Limit the number of returned rows.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Glyph::Aspect)
    .from(Glyph::Table)
    .limit(10)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `aspect` FROM `glyph` LIMIT 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "aspect" FROM "glyph" LIMIT 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "aspect" FROM "glyph" LIMIT 10"#
);

pub fn reset_limit(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Reset limit

pub fn offset(&mut self, offset: u64) -> &mut Self

Offset number of returned rows.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Glyph::Aspect)
    .from(Glyph::Table)
    .limit(10)
    .offset(10)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `aspect` FROM `glyph` LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "aspect" FROM "glyph" LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "aspect" FROM "glyph" LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10"#
);

pub fn reset_offset(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Reset offset

pub fn lock(&mut self, type: LockType) -> &mut Self

Row locking (if supported).

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .lock(LockType::Update)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 FOR UPDATE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 FOR UPDATE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 "#
);

pub fn lock_with_tables<T, I>(&mut self, type: LockType, tables: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoTableRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Row locking with tables (if supported).

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .lock_with_tables(LockType::Update, [Glyph::Table])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 FOR UPDATE OF `glyph`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 FOR UPDATE OF "glyph""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 "#
);

pub fn lock_with_behavior( &mut self, type: LockType, behavior: LockBehavior, ) -> &mut Self

Row locking with behavior (if supported).

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .lock_with_behavior(LockType::Update, LockBehavior::Nowait)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 FOR UPDATE NOWAIT"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 "#
);

pub fn lock_with_tables_behavior<T, I>( &mut self, type: LockType, tables: I, behavior: LockBehavior, ) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoTableRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Row locking with tables and behavior (if supported).

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .lock_with_tables_behavior(LockType::Update, [Glyph::Table], LockBehavior::Nowait)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 FOR UPDATE OF `glyph` NOWAIT"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 FOR UPDATE OF "glyph" NOWAIT"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 "#
);

pub fn lock_shared(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Shared row locking (if supported).

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .lock_shared()
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 FOR SHARE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 FOR SHARE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 "#
);

pub fn lock_exclusive(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Exclusive row locking (if supported).

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .lock_exclusive()
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 FOR UPDATE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 FOR UPDATE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 "#
);

pub fn union( &mut self, union_type: UnionType, query: SelectStatement, ) -> &mut Self

Union with another SelectStatement that must have the same selected fields.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .union(UnionType::All, Query::select()
        .column(Char::Character)
        .from(Char::Table)
        .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(4))
        .to_owned()
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 UNION ALL (SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 4)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 UNION ALL (SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 4)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 UNION ALL SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 4"#
);

pub fn unions<T: IntoIterator<Item = (UnionType, SelectStatement)>>( &mut self, unions: T, ) -> &mut Self

Union with multiple SelectStatement that must have the same selected fields.

Examples

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(5))
    .unions([
        (UnionType::All, Query::select()
            .column(Char::Character)
            .from(Char::Table)
            .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(4))
            .to_owned()),
        (UnionType::Distinct, Query::select()
            .column(Char::Character)
            .from(Char::Table)
            .and_where(Expr::col(Char::FontId).eq(3))
            .to_owned()),
    ])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 5 UNION ALL (SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 4) UNION (SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE `font_id` = 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 UNION ALL (SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 4) UNION (SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 5 UNION ALL SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 4 UNION SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE "font_id" = 3"#
);

pub fn with(self, clause: WithClause) -> WithQuery

Create a WithQuery by specifying a WithClause to execute this query with.

Examples

use sea_query::{*, IntoCondition, IntoIden, tests_cfg::*};

let base_query = SelectStatement::new()
                    .column(Alias::new("id"))
                    .expr(1i32)
                    .column(Alias::new("next"))
                    .column(Alias::new("value"))
                    .from(Alias::new("table"))
                    .to_owned();

let cte_referencing = SelectStatement::new()
                            .column(Alias::new("id"))
                            .expr(Expr::col(Alias::new("depth")).add(1i32))
                            .column(Alias::new("next"))
                            .column(Alias::new("value"))
                            .from(Alias::new("table"))
                            .join(
                                JoinType::InnerJoin,
                                Alias::new("cte_traversal"),
                                Expr::col((Alias::new("cte_traversal"), Alias::new("next"))).equals((Alias::new("table"), Alias::new("id")))
                            )
                            .to_owned();

let common_table_expression = CommonTableExpression::new()
            .query(
                base_query.clone().union(UnionType::All, cte_referencing).to_owned()
            )
            .columns([Alias::new("id"), Alias::new("depth"), Alias::new("next"), Alias::new("value")])
            .table_name(Alias::new("cte_traversal"))
            .to_owned();

let select = SelectStatement::new()
        .column(ColumnRef::Asterisk)
        .from(Alias::new("cte_traversal"))
        .to_owned();

let with_clause = WithClause::new()
        .recursive(true)
        .cte(common_table_expression)
        .cycle(Cycle::new_from_expr_set_using(SimpleExpr::Column(ColumnRef::Column(Alias::new("id").into_iden())), Alias::new("looped"), Alias::new("traversal_path")))
        .to_owned();

let query = select.with(with_clause).to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"WITH RECURSIVE `cte_traversal` (`id`, `depth`, `next`, `value`) AS (SELECT `id`, 1, `next`, `value` FROM `table` UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `depth` + 1, `next`, `value` FROM `table` INNER JOIN `cte_traversal` ON `cte_traversal`.`next` = `table`.`id`)) SELECT * FROM `cte_traversal`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"WITH RECURSIVE "cte_traversal" ("id", "depth", "next", "value") AS (SELECT "id", 1, "next", "value" FROM "table" UNION ALL (SELECT "id", "depth" + 1, "next", "value" FROM "table" INNER JOIN "cte_traversal" ON "cte_traversal"."next" = "table"."id")) CYCLE "id" SET "looped" USING "traversal_path" SELECT * FROM "cte_traversal""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"WITH RECURSIVE "cte_traversal" ("id", "depth", "next", "value") AS (SELECT "id", 1, "next", "value" FROM "table" UNION ALL SELECT "id", "depth" + 1, "next", "value" FROM "table" INNER JOIN "cte_traversal" ON "cte_traversal"."next" = "table"."id") SELECT * FROM "cte_traversal""#
);

pub fn window<A>(&mut self, name: A, window: WindowStatement) -> &mut Self

where A: IntoIden,

WINDOW

Examples:

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .expr_window_name_as(Expr::col(Char::Character), Alias::new("w"), Alias::new("C"))
    .window(Alias::new("w"), WindowStatement::partition_by(Char::FontSize))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` OVER `w` AS `C` FROM `character` WINDOW `w` AS PARTITION BY `font_size`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER "w" AS "C" FROM "character" WINDOW "w" AS PARTITION BY "font_size""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" OVER "w" AS "C" FROM "character" WINDOW "w" AS PARTITION BY "font_size""#
);

impl SelectStatement

pub fn build_collect_any_into( &self, query_builder: &dyn QueryBuilder, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, )

See QueryStatementBuilder::build_collect_any_into

pub fn into_sub_query_statement(self) -> SubQueryStatement

See QueryStatementBuilder::into_sub_query_statement

pub fn build_any(&self, query_builder: &dyn QueryBuilder) -> (String, Values)

See QueryStatementBuilder::build_any

pub fn build_collect_any( &self, query_builder: &dyn QueryBuilder, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, ) -> String

See QueryStatementBuilder::build_collect_any

impl SelectStatement

pub fn build_collect_into<T: QueryBuilder>( &self, query_builder: T, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, )

See QueryStatementWriter::build_collect_into

pub fn build_collect<T: QueryBuilder>( &self, query_builder: T, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, ) -> String

See QueryStatementWriter::build_collect

pub fn build<T: QueryBuilder>(&self, query_builder: T) -> (String, Values)

See QueryStatementWriter::build

pub fn to_string<T: QueryBuilder>(&self, query_builder: T) -> String

See QueryStatementWriter::to_string

impl SelectStatement

pub fn add_order_by(&mut self, order: OrderExpr) -> &mut Self

See OrderedStatement::add_order_by

pub fn clear_order_by(&mut self) -> &mut Self

See OrderedStatement::clear_order_by

pub fn order_by<T>(&mut self, col: T, order: Order) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef,

See OrderedStatement::order_by

pub fn order_by_expr(&mut self, expr: SimpleExpr, order: Order) -> &mut Self

See OrderedStatement::order_by_expr

pub fn order_by_customs<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: ToString, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order)>,

See OrderedStatement::order_by_customs

pub fn order_by_columns<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order)>,

See OrderedStatement::order_by_columns

pub fn order_by_with_nulls<T>( &mut self, col: T, order: Order, nulls: NullOrdering, ) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef,

See OrderedStatement::order_by_with_nulls

pub fn order_by_expr_with_nulls( &mut self, expr: SimpleExpr, order: Order, nulls: NullOrdering, ) -> &mut Self

See OrderedStatement::order_by_expr_with_nulls

pub fn order_by_customs_with_nulls<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: ToString, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order, NullOrdering)>,

See OrderedStatement::order_by_customs_with_nulls

pub fn order_by_columns_with_nulls<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order, NullOrdering)>,

See OrderedStatement::order_by_columns_with_nulls

impl SelectStatement

pub fn and_or_where(&mut self, condition: LogicalChainOper) -> &mut Self

See ConditionalStatement::and_or_where

pub fn cond_where<C>(&mut self, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where C: IntoCondition,

See ConditionalStatement::cond_where

pub fn and_where_option(&mut self, other: Option<SimpleExpr>) -> &mut Self

See ConditionalStatement::and_where_option

pub fn and_where(&mut self, other: SimpleExpr) -> &mut Self

See ConditionalStatement::and_where

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for SelectStatement

fn clone(&self) -> SelectStatement

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl ConditionalStatement for SelectStatement

fn cond_where<C>(&mut self, condition: C) -> &mut Self

where C: IntoCondition,

Where condition, expressed with any and all. Calling cond_where multiple times will conjoin them. Calling or_where after cond_where will panic.

fn and_where(&mut self, other: SimpleExpr) -> &mut Self

And where condition. Calling or_where after and_where will panic.

fn and_where_option(&mut self, other: Option<SimpleExpr>) -> &mut Self

Optional and where, short hand for if c.is_some() q.and_where(c).

impl Debug for SelectStatement

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for SelectStatement

fn default() -> SelectStatement

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl MySqlSelectStatementExt for SelectStatement

Available on crate feature backend-mysql only.

fn use_index<I>(&mut self, index: I, scope: IndexHintScope) -> &mut Self

where I: IntoIden,

Use index hint for MySQL

Give the optimizer information about how to choose indexes during query processing. See MySQL reference manual for Index Hints

Examples

use sea_query::{extension::mysql::*, tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .use_index(IndexName::new("IDX_123456"), IndexHintScope::All)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `size_w` FROM `character` USE INDEX (`IDX_123456`)"#
);

fn force_index<I>(&mut self, index: I, scope: IndexHintScope) -> &mut Self

where I: IntoIden,

Force index hint for MySQL

Give the optimizer information about how to choose indexes during query processing. See MySQL reference manual for Index Hints

Examples

use sea_query::{extension::mysql::*, tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .force_index(IndexName::new("IDX_123456"), IndexHintScope::All)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `size_w` FROM `character` FORCE INDEX (`IDX_123456`)"#
);

fn ignore_index<I>(&mut self, index: I, scope: IndexHintScope) -> &mut Self

where I: IntoIden,

Ignore index hint for MySQL

Give the optimizer information about how to choose indexes during query processing. See MySQL reference manual for Index Hints

Examples

use sea_query::{extension::mysql::*, tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .from(Char::Table)
    .ignore_index(IndexName::new("IDX_123456"), IndexHintScope::All)
    .column(Char::SizeW)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `size_w` FROM `character` IGNORE INDEX (`IDX_123456`)"#
)

impl OrderedStatement for SelectStatement

fn clear_order_by(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Clear order expressions

fn order_by<T>(&mut self, col: T, order: Order) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef,

Order by column.

fn order_by_expr(&mut self, expr: SimpleExpr, order: Order) -> &mut Self

Order by SimpleExpr.

fn order_by_customs<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: ToString, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order)>,

Order by custom string.

fn order_by_columns<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order)>,

Order by vector of columns.

fn order_by_with_nulls<T>( &mut self, col: T, order: Order, nulls: NullOrdering, ) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef,

Order by column with nulls order option.

fn order_by_expr_with_nulls( &mut self, expr: SimpleExpr, order: Order, nulls: NullOrdering, ) -> &mut Self

Order by SimpleExpr with nulls order option.

fn order_by_customs_with_nulls<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: ToString, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order, NullOrdering)>,

Order by custom string with nulls order option.

fn order_by_columns_with_nulls<I, T>(&mut self, cols: I) -> &mut Self

where T: IntoColumnRef, I: IntoIterator<Item = (T, Order, NullOrdering)>,

Order by vector of columns with nulls order option.

impl PartialEq for SelectStatement

fn eq(&self, other: &SelectStatement) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl QueryStatementBuilder for SelectStatement

fn build_collect_any_into( &self, query_builder: &dyn QueryBuilder, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, )

Build corresponding SQL statement into the SqlWriter for certain database backend and collect query parameters

fn into_sub_query_statement(self) -> SubQueryStatement

fn build_any(&self, query_builder: &dyn QueryBuilder) -> (String, Values)

Build corresponding SQL statement for certain database backend and collect query parameters into a vector

fn build_collect_any( &self, query_builder: &dyn QueryBuilder, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, ) -> String

Build corresponding SQL statement for certain database backend and collect query parameters

impl QueryStatementWriter for SelectStatement

fn build_collect_into<T: QueryBuilder>( &self, query_builder: T, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, )

fn to_string<T: QueryBuilder>(&self, query_builder: T) -> String

Build corresponding SQL statement for certain database backend and return SQL string

fn build<T: QueryBuilder>(&self, query_builder: T) -> (String, Values)

Build corresponding SQL statement for certain database backend and collect query parameters into a vector

fn build_collect<T: QueryBuilder>( &self, query_builder: T, sql: &mut dyn SqlWriter, ) -> String

Build corresponding SQL statement for certain database backend and collect query parameters

impl StructuralPartialEq for SelectStatement