sea_query::expr

Struct Expr

Source 
pub struct Expr { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

Helper to build a SimpleExpr.

Implementations§

Source§

impl Expr

Source

pub fn asterisk() -> Self

👎Deprecated since 0.29.0: Please use the [Asterisk]
Source

pub fn col<T>(n: T) -> Self
where T: IntoColumnRef,

Express the target column without table prefix.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::SizeW).eq(1))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `size_w` = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" = 1"#
);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).eq(1))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" = 1"#
);
Source

pub fn column<T>(n: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: IntoColumnRef,

Express the target column without table prefix, returning a SimpleExpr.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::column(Char::SizeW).eq(1))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `size_w` = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" = 1"#
);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::column((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).eq(1))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" = 1"#
);
Source

pub fn tuple<I>(n: I) -> Self
where I: IntoIterator<Item = SimpleExpr>,

Wraps tuple of SimpleExpr, can be used for tuple comparison

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(
        Expr::tuple([Expr::col(Char::SizeW).into(), Expr::value(100)])
            .lt(Expr::tuple([Expr::value(500), Expr::value(100)])))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE (`size_w`, 100) < (500, 100)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE ("size_w", 100) < (500, 100)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE ("size_w", 100) < (500, 100)"#
);
Source

pub fn table_asterisk<T>(t: T) -> Self
where T: IntoIden,

👎Deprecated since 0.29.0: Please use the [Asterisk]
Source

pub fn val<V>(v: V) -> Self
where V: Into<Value>,

Express a Value, returning a Expr.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).into())
    .and_where(Expr::val(2.5).into())
    .and_where(Expr::val("3").into())
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 AND 2.5 AND '3'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 AND 2.5 AND '3'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 AND 2.5 AND '3'"#
);
Source

pub fn expr<T>(expr: T) -> Self
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Wrap an expression to perform some operation on it later.

Since sea_query 0.32.0 (sea_orm 1.1.1), this is not necessary in most cases!

Some SQL operations used to be defined only as inherent methods on Expr. Thus, to use them, you needed to manually convert from other types to Expr. But now these operations are also defined as ExprTrait methods that can be called directly on any expression type,

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    // This is the old style, when `Expr::expr` was necessary:
    .and_where(Expr::expr(Expr::col(Char::SizeW).if_null(0)).gt(2))
    .to_owned();

// But since 0.32.0, this compiles too:
let _ = Expr::col(Char::SizeW).if_null(0).gt(2);

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE IFNULL(`size_w`, 0) > 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE COALESCE("size_w", 0) > 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE IFNULL("size_w", 0) > 2"#
);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Character)
    .from(Char::Table)
    // This is the old style, when `Expr::expr` was necessary:
    .and_where(Expr::expr(Func::lower(Expr::col(Char::Character))).is_in(["a", "b"]))
    .to_owned();

// But since 0.32.0, this compiles too:
let _ = Func::lower(Expr::col(Char::Character)).is_in(["a", "b"]);

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character` FROM `character` WHERE LOWER(`character`) IN ('a', 'b')"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE LOWER("character") IN ('a', 'b')"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character" FROM "character" WHERE LOWER("character") IN ('a', 'b')"#
);
Source

pub fn value<V>(v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a Value, returning a SimpleExpr.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::value(1))
    .and_where(Expr::value(2.5))
    .and_where(Expr::value("3"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 AND 2.5 AND '3'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 AND 2.5 AND '3'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 AND 2.5 AND '3'"#
);
Source

pub fn cust<T>(s: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<String>,

Express any custom expression in &str.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::cust("1 = 1"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 = 1"#
);
Source

pub fn cust_with_values<T, V, I>(s: T, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<String>, V: Into<Value>, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express any custom expression with Value. Use this if your expression needs variables.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Id).eq(1))
    .and_where(Expr::cust_with_values("6 = ? * ?", [2, 3]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `id` = 1 AND (6 = 2 * 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "id" = 1 AND (6 = 2 * 3)"#
);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Id).eq(1))
    .and_where(Expr::cust_with_values("6 = $2 * $1", [3, 2]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "id" = 1 AND (6 = 2 * 3)"#
);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::cust_with_values("6 = ? * ?", [2, 3]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT 6 = 2 * 3"#);
assert_eq!(query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT 6 = 2 * 3"#);

Postgres only: use $$ to escape $

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::cust_with_values("$1 $$ $2", ["a", "b"]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT 'a' $ 'b'"#);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::cust_with_values("data @? ($1::JSONPATH)", ["hello"]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT data @? ('hello'::JSONPATH)"#
);
Source

pub fn cust_with_expr<T, E>(s: T, expr: E) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<String>, E: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express any custom expression with SimpleExpr. Use this if your expression needs other expression.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::val(1).add(2))
    .expr(Expr::cust_with_expr("data @? ($1::JSONPATH)", "hello"))
    .to_owned();
let (sql, values) = query.build(PostgresQueryBuilder);

assert_eq!(sql, r#"SELECT $1 + $2, data @? ($3::JSONPATH)"#);
assert_eq!(
    values,
    Values(vec![1i32.into(), 2i32.into(), "hello".into()])
);
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::cust_with_expr(
        "json_agg(DISTINCT $1)",
        Expr::col(Char::Character),
    ))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT json_agg(DISTINCT "character")"#
);
Source

pub fn cust_with_exprs<T, I>(s: T, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<String>, I: IntoIterator<Item = SimpleExpr>,

Express any custom expression with SimpleExpr. Use this if your expression needs other expressions.

Source

pub fn eq<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an equal (=) expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::eq and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val("What!").eq("Nothing"))
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Id).eq(1))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 'What!' = 'Nothing' AND `id` = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 'What!' = 'Nothing' AND "id" = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 'What!' = 'Nothing' AND "id" = 1"#
);
Source

pub fn ne<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a not equal (<>) expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::ne and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val("Morning").ne("Good"))
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Id).ne(1))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 'Morning' <> 'Good' AND `id` <> 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 'Morning' <> 'Good' AND "id" <> 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 'Morning' <> 'Good' AND "id" <> 1"#
);
Source

pub fn equals<C>(self, col: C) -> SimpleExpr
where C: IntoColumnRef,

Express a equal expression between two table columns, you will mainly use this to relate identical value between two table columns.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::equals and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`font_id` = `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."font_id" = "font"."id""#
);
Source

pub fn not_equals<C>(self, col: C) -> SimpleExpr
where C: IntoColumnRef,

Express a not equal expression between two table columns, you will mainly use this to relate identical value between two table columns.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::not_equals and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::FontId)).not_equals((Font::Table, Font::Id)))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`font_id` <> `font`.`id`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."font_id" <> "font"."id""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."font_id" <> "font"."id""#
);
Source

pub fn gt<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a greater than (>) expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::gt and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).gt(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` > 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" > 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" > 2"#
);
Source

pub fn gte<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a greater than or equal (>=) expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::gte and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).gte(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` >= 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" >= 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" >= 2"#
);
Source

pub fn lt<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a less than (<) expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::lt and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).lt(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` < 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" < 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" < 2"#
);
Source

pub fn lte<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a less than or equal (<=) expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::lte and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).lte(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` <= 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" <= 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" <= 2"#
);
Source

pub fn add<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic addition operation.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::add and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).add(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 + 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 + 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 + 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn sub<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic subtraction operation.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::sub and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).sub(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 - 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 - 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 - 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn mul<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic multiplication operation.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::mul and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).mul(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 * 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 * 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 * 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn div<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic division operation.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::div and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).div(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 / 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 / 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 / 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn modulo<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic modulo operation.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::modulo and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).modulo(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 % 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 % 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 % 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn left_shift<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a bitwise left shift.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::left_shift and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).left_shift(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 << 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 << 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 << 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn right_shift<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a bitwise right shift.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::right_shift and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::val(1).right_shift(1).eq(2))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE 1 >> 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 >> 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE 1 >> 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn between<V>(self, a: V, b: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a BETWEEN expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::between and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).between(1, 10))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` BETWEEN 1 AND 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" BETWEEN 1 AND 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" BETWEEN 1 AND 10"#
);
Source

pub fn not_between<V>(self, a: V, b: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a NOT BETWEEN expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::not_between and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).not_between(1, 10))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 10"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 10"#
);
Source

pub fn like<L: IntoLikeExpr>(self, like: L) -> SimpleExpr

Express a LIKE expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::like and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::Character)).like("Ours'%"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`character` LIKE 'Ours\'%'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."character" LIKE E'Ours\'%'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."character" LIKE 'Ours''%'"#
);

Like with ESCAPE

use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::Character)).like(LikeExpr::new(r"|_Our|_").escape('|')))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`character` LIKE '|_Our|_' ESCAPE '|'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."character" LIKE '|_Our|_' ESCAPE '|'"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."character" LIKE '|_Our|_' ESCAPE '|'"#
);
Source

pub fn not_like<L: IntoLikeExpr>(self, like: L) -> SimpleExpr

Express a NOT LIKE expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::not_like and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

Source

pub fn is_null(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a IS NULL expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::is_null and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_null())
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` IS NULL"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" IS NULL"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" IS NULL"#
);
Source

pub fn is<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a IS expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::is and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::Ascii)).is(true))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`ascii` IS TRUE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."ascii" IS TRUE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."ascii" IS TRUE"#
);
Source

pub fn is_not_null(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a IS NOT NULL expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::is_not_null and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_not_null())
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` IS NOT NULL"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" IS NOT NULL"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" IS NOT NULL"#
);
Source

pub fn is_not<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a IS NOT expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::is_not and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::Ascii)).is_not(true))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`ascii` IS NOT TRUE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."ascii" IS NOT TRUE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."ascii" IS NOT TRUE"#
);
Source

pub fn binary<O, T>(self, op: O, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where O: Into<BinOper>, T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Create any binary operation

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::binary and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .cond_where(all![
        Expr::col(Char::SizeW).binary(BinOper::SmallerThan, 10),
        Expr::col(Char::SizeW).binary(BinOper::GreaterThan, Expr::col(Char::SizeH))
    ])
    .to_owned();
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `size_w` < 10 AND `size_w` > `size_h`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" < 10 AND "size_w" > "size_h""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" < 10 AND "size_w" > "size_h""#
);
Source

pub fn not(self) -> SimpleExpr

Negates an expression with NOT.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::not and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    // Before 0.32.0, you had call `not` on an `Expr`, which had to be constructed using `Expr::expr`:
    .and_where(Expr::expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_null()).not())
    .to_owned();

// But since 0.32.0, this compiles too:
let _ = Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_null().not();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE NOT `character`.`size_w` IS NULL"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE NOT "character"."size_w" IS NULL"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE NOT "character"."size_w" IS NULL"#
);
Source

pub fn max(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a MAX function.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).max())
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MAX(`character`.`size_w`) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MAX("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MAX("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
Source

pub fn min(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a MIN function.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).min())
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MIN(`character`.`size_w`) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MIN("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT MIN("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
Source

pub fn sum(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a SUM function.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).sum())
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT SUM(`character`.`size_w`) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT SUM("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT SUM("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
Source

pub fn count(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a COUNT function.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).count())
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COUNT(`character`.`size_w`) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COUNT("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COUNT("character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
Source

pub fn count_distinct(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a COUNT function with the DISTINCT modifier.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).count_distinct())
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT `character`.`size_w`) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT "character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT "character"."size_w") FROM "character""#
);
Source

pub fn if_null<V>(self, v: V) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a IF NULL function.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).if_null(0))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT IFNULL(`character`.`size_w`, 0) FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT COALESCE("character"."size_w", 0) FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT IFNULL("character"."size_w", 0) FROM "character""#
);
Source

pub fn is_in<V, I>(self, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express a IN expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::is_in and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Id])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_in([1, 2, 3]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `id` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` IN (1, 2, 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" IN (1, 2, 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" IN (1, 2, 3)"#
);

Empty value list

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Id])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_in(Vec::<u8>::new()))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `id` FROM `character` WHERE 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE 1 = 2"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE 1 = 2"#
);
Source

pub fn in_tuples<V, I>(self, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where V: IntoValueTuple, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express a IN sub expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::in_tuples and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::FontId])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(
        Expr::tuple([
            Expr::col(Char::Character).into(),
            Expr::col(Char::FontId).into(),
        ])
        .in_tuples([(1, String::from("1")), (2, String::from("2"))])
    )
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `font_id` FROM `character` WHERE (`character`, `font_id`) IN ((1, '1'), (2, '2'))"#
);

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font_id" FROM "character" WHERE ("character", "font_id") IN ((1, '1'), (2, '2'))"#
);

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "font_id" FROM "character" WHERE ("character", "font_id") IN ((1, '1'), (2, '2'))"#
);
Source

pub fn is_not_in<V, I>(self, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express a NOT IN expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::is_not_in and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Id])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_not_in([1, 2, 3]))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `id` FROM `character` WHERE `character`.`size_w` NOT IN (1, 2, 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" NOT IN (1, 2, 3)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE "character"."size_w" NOT IN (1, 2, 3)"#
);

Empty value list

use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Id])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col((Char::Table, Char::SizeW)).is_not_in(Vec::<u8>::new()))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `id` FROM `character` WHERE 1 = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE 1 = 1"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE 1 = 1"#
);
Source

pub fn in_subquery(self, sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a IN sub-query expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::in_subquery and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::SizeW).in_subquery(
        Query::select()
            .expr(Expr::cust("3 + 2 * 2"))
            .take()
    ))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `size_w` IN (SELECT 3 + 2 * 2)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" IN (SELECT 3 + 2 * 2)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" IN (SELECT 3 + 2 * 2)"#
);
Source

pub fn not_in_subquery(self, sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a NOT IN sub-query expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::not_in_subquery and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .columns([Char::Character, Char::SizeW, Char::SizeH])
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::SizeW).not_in_subquery(
        Query::select()
            .expr(Expr::cust("3 + 2 * 2"))
            .take()
    ))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `character`, `size_w`, `size_h` FROM `character` WHERE `size_w` NOT IN (SELECT 3 + 2 * 2)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" NOT IN (SELECT 3 + 2 * 2)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "character", "size_w", "size_h" FROM "character" WHERE "size_w" NOT IN (SELECT 3 + 2 * 2)"#
);
Source

pub fn exists(sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a EXISTS sub-query expression.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr_as(Expr::exists(Query::select().column(Char::Id).from(Char::Table).take()), Alias::new("character_exists"))
    .expr_as(Expr::exists(Query::select().column(Glyph::Id).from(Glyph::Table).take()), Alias::new("glyph_exists"))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT EXISTS(SELECT `id` FROM `character`) AS `character_exists`, EXISTS(SELECT `id` FROM `glyph`) AS `glyph_exists`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT EXISTS(SELECT "id" FROM "character") AS "character_exists", EXISTS(SELECT "id" FROM "glyph") AS "glyph_exists""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT EXISTS(SELECT "id" FROM "character") AS "character_exists", EXISTS(SELECT "id" FROM "glyph") AS "glyph_exists""#
);
Source

pub fn any(sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a ANY sub-query expression.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Id)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Id).eq(Expr::any(
        Query::select().column(Char::Id).from(Char::Table).take(),
    )))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `id` FROM `character` WHERE `id` = ANY(SELECT `id` FROM `character`)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE "id" = ANY(SELECT "id" FROM "character")"#
);
Source

pub fn some(sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a SOME sub-query expression.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .column(Char::Id)
    .from(Char::Table)
    .and_where(Expr::col(Char::Id).ne(Expr::some(
        Query::select().column(Char::Id).from(Char::Table).take(),
    )))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `id` FROM `character` WHERE `id` <> SOME(SELECT `id` FROM `character`)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "id" FROM "character" WHERE "id" <> SOME(SELECT "id" FROM "character")"#
);
Source

pub fn all(sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a ALL sub-query expression.

Source

pub fn as_enum<T>(self, type_name: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: IntoIden,

Express a AS enum expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::as_enum and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col(Char::FontSize).as_enum(Alias::new("text")))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `font_size` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CAST("font_size" AS "text") FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "character""#
);

struct TextArray;

impl Iden for TextArray {
    fn unquoted(&self, s: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {
        write!(s, "text[]").unwrap();
    }
}

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::col(Char::FontSize).as_enum(TextArray))
    .from(Char::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT `font_size` FROM `character`"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CAST("font_size" AS "text"[]) FROM "character""#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT "font_size" FROM "character""#
);

let query = Query::insert()
    .into_table(Char::Table)
    .columns([Char::FontSize])
    .values_panic([Expr::val("large").as_enum(Alias::new("FontSizeEnum"))])
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"INSERT INTO `character` (`font_size`) VALUES ('large')"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"INSERT INTO "character" ("font_size") VALUES (CAST('large' AS "FontSizeEnum"))"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"INSERT INTO "character" ("font_size") VALUES ('large')"#
);
Source

pub fn case<C, T>(cond: C, then: T) -> CaseStatement
where C: IntoCondition, T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Adds new CASE WHEN to existing case statement.

§Examples
use sea_query::{*, tests_cfg::*};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr_as(
        Expr::case(
                Expr::col((Glyph::Table, Glyph::Aspect)).is_in([2, 4]),
                true
             )
            .finally(false),
         Alias::new("is_even")
    )
    .from(Glyph::Table)
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT (CASE WHEN ("glyph"."aspect" IN (2, 4)) THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END) AS "is_even" FROM "glyph""#
);
Source

pub fn cast_as<T>(self, type_name: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: IntoIden,

Express a CAST AS expression.

This is equivalent to a newer ExprTrait::cast_as and may require more some wrapping beforehand.

§Examples
use sea_query::{tests_cfg::*, *};

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::val("1").cast_as(Alias::new("integer")))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CAST('1' AS integer)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CAST('1' AS integer)"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CAST('1' AS integer)"#
);
Source

pub fn current_date() -> Expr

Keyword CURRENT_DATE.

§Examples
use sea_query::*;

let query = Query::select().expr(Expr::current_date()).to_owned();

assert_eq!(query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT CURRENT_DATE"#);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_DATE"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_DATE"#
);
Source

pub fn current_time() -> Expr

Keyword CURRENT_TIMESTAMP.

§Examples
use sea_query::*;

let query = Query::select().expr(Expr::current_time()).to_owned();

assert_eq!(query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT CURRENT_TIME"#);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_TIME"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_TIME"#
);
Source

pub fn current_timestamp() -> Expr

Keyword CURRENT_TIMESTAMP.

§Examples
use sea_query::{Expr, MysqlQueryBuilder, PostgresQueryBuilder, Query, SqliteQueryBuilder};

let query = Query::select().expr(Expr::current_timestamp()).to_owned();

assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"#
);
assert_eq!(
    query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    r#"SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"#
);
Source

pub fn custom_keyword<T>(i: T) -> Expr
where T: IntoIden,

Custom keyword.

§Examples
use sea_query::*;

let query = Query::select()
    .expr(Expr::custom_keyword(Alias::new("test")))
    .to_owned();

assert_eq!(query.to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT test"#);
assert_eq!(query.to_string(PostgresQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT test"#);
assert_eq!(query.to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder), r#"SELECT test"#);

Trait Implementations§

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impl Clone for Expr

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fn clone(&self) -> Expr

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
1.0.0 · Source§

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for Expr

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl From<Expr> for SimpleExpr

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fn from(src: Expr) -> Self

Convert into SimpleExpr

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impl PgExpr for Expr

Available on crate feature backend-postgres only.
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fn concatenate<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an postgres concatenate (||) expression. Read more
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fn concat<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Alias of PgExpr::concatenate
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fn matches<T>(self, expr: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an postgres fulltext search matches (@@) expression. Read more
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fn contains<T>(self, expr: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an postgres fulltext search contains (@>) expression. Read more
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fn contained<T>(self, expr: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an postgres fulltext search contained (<@) expression. Read more
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fn ilike<L>(self, like: L) -> SimpleExpr
where L: IntoLikeExpr,

Express a ILIKE expression. Read more
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fn not_ilike<L>(self, like: L) -> SimpleExpr
where L: IntoLikeExpr,

Express a NOT ILIKE expression
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fn get_json_field<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a postgres retrieves JSON field as JSON value (->). Read more
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fn cast_json_field<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a postgres retrieves JSON field and casts it to an appropriate SQL type (->>). Read more
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impl SqliteExpr for Expr

Available on crate feature backend-sqlite only.
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fn glob<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an sqlite GLOB operator. Read more
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fn matches<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an sqlite MATCH operator. Read more
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fn get_json_field<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an sqlite retrieves JSON field as JSON value (->). Read more
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fn cast_json_field<T>(self, right: T) -> SimpleExpr
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an sqlite retrieves JSON field and casts it to an appropriate SQL type (->>). Read more

Auto Trait Implementations§

§

impl Freeze for Expr

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impl !RefUnwindSafe for Expr

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impl Send for Expr

§

impl Sync for Expr

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impl Unpin for Expr

§

impl !UnwindSafe for Expr

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> CloneToUninit for T
where T: Clone,

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unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dest: *mut u8)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clone_to_uninit)
Performs copy-assignment from self to dest. Read more
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impl<T> ExprTrait for T
where T: Into<SimpleExpr>,

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fn as_enum<N>(self, type_name: N) -> SimpleExpr
where N: IntoIden,

Express a AS enum expression. Read more
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fn binary<O, R>(self, op: O, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where O: Into<BinOper>, R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Create any binary operation Read more
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fn cast_as<N>(self, type_name: N) -> SimpleExpr
where N: IntoIden,

Express a CAST AS expression. Read more
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fn unary(self, op: UnOper) -> SimpleExpr

Apply any unary operator to the expression. Read more
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fn add<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic addition operation. Read more
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fn and<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

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fn between<A, B>(self, a: A, b: B) -> SimpleExpr
where A: Into<SimpleExpr>, B: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a BETWEEN expression. Read more
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fn div<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic division operation. Read more
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fn eq<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an equal (=) expression. Read more
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fn equals<C>(self, col: C) -> SimpleExpr
where C: IntoColumnRef,

Express a equal expression between two table columns, you will mainly use this to relate identical value between two table columns. Read more
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fn gt<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a greater than (>) expression. Read more
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fn gte<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a greater than or equal (>=) expression. Read more
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fn in_subquery(self, sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a IN sub-query expression. Read more
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fn in_tuples<V, I>(self, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where V: IntoValueTuple, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express a IN sub expression. Read more
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fn is<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a IS expression. Read more
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fn is_in<V, I>(self, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express a IN expression. Read more
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fn is_not<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a IS NOT expression. Read more
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fn is_not_in<V, I>(self, v: I) -> SimpleExpr
where V: Into<SimpleExpr>, I: IntoIterator<Item = V>,

Express a NOT IN expression. Read more
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fn is_not_null(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a IS NOT NULL expression. Read more
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fn is_null(self) -> SimpleExpr

Express a IS NULL expression. Read more
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fn left_shift<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a bitwise left shift. Read more
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fn like<L>(self, like: L) -> SimpleExpr
where L: IntoLikeExpr,

Express a LIKE expression. Read more
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fn lt<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a less than (<) expression. Read more
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fn lte<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a less than or equal (<=) expression. Read more
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fn modulo<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic modulo operation. Read more
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fn mul<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic multiplication operation. Read more
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fn ne<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a not equal (<>) expression. Read more
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fn not(self) -> SimpleExpr

Negates an expression with NOT. Read more
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fn not_between<A, B>(self, a: A, b: B) -> SimpleExpr
where A: Into<SimpleExpr>, B: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a NOT BETWEEN expression. Read more
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fn not_equals<C>(self, col: C) -> SimpleExpr
where C: IntoColumnRef,

Express a not equal expression between two table columns, you will mainly use this to relate identical value between two table columns. Read more
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fn not_in_subquery(self, sel: SelectStatement) -> SimpleExpr

Express a NOT IN sub-query expression. Read more
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fn not_like<L>(self, like: L) -> SimpleExpr
where L: IntoLikeExpr,

Express a NOT LIKE expression. Read more
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fn or<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a logical OR operation. Read more
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fn right_shift<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a bitwise right shift. Read more
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fn sub<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express an arithmetic subtraction operation. Read more
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fn bit_and<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a bitwise AND operation. Read more
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fn bit_or<R>(self, right: R) -> SimpleExpr
where R: Into<SimpleExpr>,

Express a bitwise OR operation. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.