Struct sized_chunks::sized_chunk::Chunk

pub struct Chunk<A, N = U64> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>,  { /* fields omitted */ }

A fixed capacity smart array.

An inline array of items with a variable length but a fixed, preallocated capacity given by the N type, which must be an Unsigned type level numeral.

It's 'smart' because it's able to reorganise its contents based on expected behaviour. If you construct one using push_back, it will be laid out like a Vec with space at the end. If you push_front it will start filling in values from the back instead of the front, so that you still get linear time push as long as you don't reverse direction. If you do, and there's no room at the end you're pushing to, it'll shift its contents over to the other side, creating more space to push into. This technique is tuned for Chunk's expected use case in im::Vector: usually, chunks always see either push_front or push_back, but not both unless they move around inside the tree, in which case they're able to reorganise themselves with reasonable efficiency to suit their new usage patterns.

It maintains a left index and a right index instead of a simple length counter in order to accomplish this, much like a ring buffer would, except that the Chunk keeps all its items sequentially in memory so that you can always get a &[A] slice for them, at the price of the occasional reordering operation. The allocated size of a Chunk is thus usize * 2 + A * N.

This technique also lets us choose to shift the shortest side to account for the inserted or removed element when performing insert and remove operations, unlike Vec where you always need to shift the right hand side.

Unlike a Vec, the Chunk has a fixed capacity and cannot grow beyond it. Being intended for low level use, it expects you to know or test whether you're pushing to a full array, and has an API more geared towards panics than returning Options, on the assumption that you know what you're doing. Of course, if you don't, you can expect it to panic immediately rather than do something undefined and usually bad.

Isn't this just a less efficient ring buffer?

You might be wondering why you would want to use this data structure rather than a ring buffer, which is similar but doesn't need to shift its content around when it hits the sides of the allocated buffer. The answer is that Chunk can be dereferenced into a slice, while a ring buffer can not. If you don't need to be able to do that, a ring buffer will generally be the more efficient choice.

Examples

// Construct a chunk with a 64 item capacity
let mut chunk = Chunk::<i32, U64>::new();
// Fill it with descending numbers
chunk.extend((0..64).rev());
// It derefs to a slice so we can use standard slice methods
chunk.sort();
// It's got all the amenities like `FromIterator` and `Eq`
let expected: Chunk<i32, U64> = (0..64).collect();
assert_eq!(expected, chunk);

Methods

impl<A, N> Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

pub fn new() -> Self

Construct a new empty chunk.

pub fn unit(value: A) -> Self

Construct a new chunk with one item.

pub fn pair(left: A, right: A) -> Self

Construct a new chunk with two items.

pub fn drain_from(other: &mut Self) -> Self

Construct a new chunk and move every item from other into the new chunk.

Time: O(n)

pub fn collect_from<I>(iter: &mut I, count: usize) -> Self where
    I: Iterator<Item = A>, 

Construct a new chunk and populate it by taking count items from the iterator iter.

Panics if the iterator contains less than count items.

Time: O(n)

pub fn from_front(other: &mut Self, count: usize) -> Self

Construct a new chunk and populate it by taking count items from the front of other.

Time: O(n) for the number of items moved

pub fn from_back(other: &mut Self, count: usize) -> Self

Construct a new chunk and populate it by taking count items from the back of other.

Time: O(n) for the number of items moved

pub fn len(&self) -> usize

Get the length of the chunk.

pub fn capacity() -> usize

Get the capacity of a chunk of this type.

pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

Test if the chunk is empty.

pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool

Test if the chunk is at capacity.

pub fn push_front(&mut self, value: A)

Push an item to the front of the chunk.

Panics if the capacity of the chunk is exceeded.

Time: O(1) if there's room at the front, O(n) otherwise

pub fn push_back(&mut self, value: A)

Push an item to the back of the chunk.

Panics if the capacity of the chunk is exceeded.

Time: O(1) if there's room at the back, O(n) otherwise

pub fn pop_front(&mut self) -> A

Pop an item off the front of the chunk.

Panics if the chunk is empty.

Time: O(1)

pub fn pop_back(&mut self) -> A

Pop an item off the back of the chunk.

Panics if the chunk is empty.

Time: O(1)

pub fn drop_left(&mut self, index: usize)

Discard all items up to but not including index.

Panics if index is out of bounds.

Time: O(n) for the number of items dropped

pub fn drop_right(&mut self, index: usize)

Discard all items from index onward.

Panics if index is out of bounds.

Time: O(n) for the number of items dropped

pub fn split_off(&mut self, index: usize) -> Self

Split a chunk into two, the original chunk containing everything up to index and the returned chunk containing everything from index onwards.

Panics if index is out of bounds.

Time: O(n) for the number of items in the new chunk

pub fn append(&mut self, other: &mut Self)

Remove all items from other and append them to the back of self.

Panics if the capacity of the chunk is exceeded.

Time: O(n) for the number of items moved

pub fn drain_from_front(&mut self, other: &mut Self, count: usize)

Remove count items from the front of other and append them to the back of self.

Panics if self doesn't have count items left, or if other has fewer than count items.

Time: O(n) for the number of items moved

pub fn drain_from_back(&mut self, other: &mut Self, count: usize)

Remove count items from the back of other and append them to the front of self.

Panics if self doesn't have count items left, or if other has fewer than count items.

Time: O(n) for the number of items moved

pub fn set(&mut self, index: usize, value: A) -> A

Update the value at index index, returning the old value.

Panics if index is out of bounds.

Time: O(1)

pub fn insert(&mut self, index: usize, value: A)

Insert a new value at index index, shifting all the following values to the right.

Panics if the index is out of bounds.

Time: O(n) for the number of items shifted

pub fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) -> A

Remove the value at index index, shifting all the following values to the left.

Returns the removed value.

Panics if the index is out of bounds.

Time: O(n) for the number of items shifted

Important traits for Drain<'a, A, N>

impl<'a, A, N> Iterator for Drain<'a, A, N> where
    A: 'a,
    N: ChunkLength<A> + 'a,  type Item = A;

pub fn drain(&mut self) -> Drain<A, N>

Construct an iterator that drains values from the front of the chunk.

pub fn clear(&mut self)

Discard the contents of the chunk.

Time: O(n)

pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[A]

Get a reference to the contents of the chunk as a slice.

pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [A]

Get a reference to the contents of the chunk as a mutable slice.

Trait Implementations

impl<A, N> Drop for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<A, N> Eq for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: Eq,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

impl<A, N> PartialOrd<Chunk<A, N>> for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: PartialOrd,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

#[must_use]

default fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

#[must_use]

default fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

#[must_use]

default fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

#[must_use]

default fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<A, N> AsMut<[A]> for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [A]

Performs the conversion.

impl<A, N, Slice> PartialEq<Slice> for Chunk<A, N> where
    Slice: Borrow<[A]>,
    A: PartialEq,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn eq(&self, other: &Slice) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

#[must_use]

default fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl<A, N> AsRef<[A]> for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn as_ref(&self) -> &[A]

Performs the conversion.

impl<A, N> Clone for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: Clone,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn clone(&self) -> Self

Returns a copy of the value.

default fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<A, N> Default for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn default() -> Self

Returns the "default value" for a type.

impl<A, N> Ord for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: Ord,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

default fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

default fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

default fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clamp)

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<'a, A, N> IntoIterator for &'a Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

type Item = &'a A

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = SliceIter<'a, A>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<'a, A, N> IntoIterator for &'a mut Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

type Item = &'a mut A

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = SliceIterMut<'a, A>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<A, N> IntoIterator for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

type Item = A

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = Iter<A, N>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<A, N> Extend<A> for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn extend<I>(&mut self, it: I) where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = A>, 

Append the contents of the iterator to the back of the chunk.

Panics if the chunk exceeds its capacity.

Time: O(n) for the length of the iterator

impl<'a, A, N> Extend<&'a A> for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: 'a + Copy,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn extend<I>(&mut self, it: I) where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a A>, 

Append the contents of the iterator to the back of the chunk.

Panics if the chunk exceeds its capacity.

Time: O(n) for the length of the iterator

impl<A, N> Debug for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: Debug,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<A, N> FromIterator<A> for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn from_iter<I>(it: I) -> Self where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = A>, 

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl<A, N> Hash for Chunk<A, N> where
    A: Hash,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn hash<H>(&self, hasher: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds this value into the given [Hasher].

default fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given [Hasher].

impl<A, N> Deref for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

type Target = [A]

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target

Dereferences the value.

impl<A, N> DerefMut for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target

Mutably dereferences the value.

impl<A, N, I> Index<I> for Chunk<A, N> where
    I: SliceIndex<[A]>,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

type Output = I::Output

The returned type after indexing.

fn index(&self, index: I) -> &Self::Output

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl<A, N, I> IndexMut<I> for Chunk<A, N> where
    I: SliceIndex<[A]>,
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn index_mut(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut Self::Output

Performs the mutable indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl<A, N> Borrow<[A]> for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn borrow(&self) -> &[A]

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<N> Write for Chunk<u8, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<u8>, 

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

default fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoVec]) -> Result<usize, Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iovec)

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

default fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

default fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

default fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a "by reference" adaptor for this instance of Write.

impl<A, N> BorrowMut<[A]> for Chunk<A, N> where
    N: ChunkLength<A>, 

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [A]

Mutably borrows from an owned value.