pub trait AsyncWrite: Write {
// Required method
fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>;
// Provided methods
fn poll_write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<usize, Error> { ... }
fn poll_flush(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error> { ... }
fn write_buf<B: Buf>(&mut self, buf: &mut B) -> Poll<usize, Error>
where Self: Sized { ... }
}Expand description
Writes bytes asynchronously.
The trait inherits from std::io::Write and indicates that an I/O object is
nonblocking. All non-blocking I/O objects must return an error when
bytes cannot be written instead of blocking the current thread.
Specifically, this means that the poll_write function will return one of
the following:
-
Ok(Async::Ready(n))means thatnbytes of data was immediately written. -
Ok(Async::NotReady)means that no data was written from the buffer provided. The I/O object is not currently writable but may become writable in the future. Most importantly, the current future’s task is scheduled to get unparked when the object is writable. This means that likeFuture::pollyou’ll receive a notification when the I/O object is writable again. -
Err(e)for other errors are standard I/O errors coming from the underlying object.
This trait importantly means that the write method only works in the
context of a future’s task. The object may panic if used outside of a task.
Note that this trait also represents that the Write::flush method works
very similarly to the write method, notably that Ok(()) means that the
writer has successfully been flushed, a “would block” error means that the
current task is ready to receive a notification when flushing can make more
progress, and otherwise normal errors can happen as well.
Required Methods§
Sourcefn shutdown(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>
fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>
Initiates or attempts to shut down this writer, returning success when the I/O connection has completely shut down.
This method is intended to be used for asynchronous shutdown of I/O
connections. For example this is suitable for implementing shutdown of a
TLS connection or calling TcpStream::shutdown on a proxied connection.
Protocols sometimes need to flush out final pieces of data or otherwise
perform a graceful shutdown handshake, reading/writing more data as
appropriate. This method is the hook for such protocols to implement the
graceful shutdown logic.
This shutdown method is required by implementers of the
AsyncWrite trait. Wrappers typically just want to proxy this call
through to the wrapped type, and base types will typically implement
shutdown logic here or just return Ok(().into()). Note that if you’re
wrapping an underlying AsyncWrite a call to shutdown implies that
transitively the entire stream has been shut down. After your wrapper’s
shutdown logic has been executed you should shut down the underlying
stream.
Invocation of a shutdown implies an invocation of flush. Once this
method returns Ready it implies that a flush successfully happened
before the shutdown happened. That is, callers don’t need to call
flush before calling shutdown. They can rely that by calling
shutdown any pending buffered data will be written out.
§Return value
This function returns a Poll<(), io::Error> classified as such:
-
Ok(Async::Ready(()))- indicates that the connection was successfully shut down and is now safe to deallocate/drop/close resources associated with it. This method means that the current task will no longer receive any notifications due to this method and the I/O object itself is likely no longer usable. -
Ok(Async::NotReady)- indicates that shutdown is initiated but could not complete just yet. This may mean that more I/O needs to happen to continue this shutdown operation. The current task is scheduled to receive a notification when it’s otherwise ready to continue the shutdown operation. When woken up this method should be called again. -
Err(e)- indicates a fatal error has happened with shutdown, indicating that the shutdown operation did not complete successfully. This typically means that the I/O object is no longer usable.
§Errors
This function can return normal I/O errors through Err, described
above. Additionally this method may also render the underlying
Write::write method no longer usable (e.g. will return errors in the
future). It’s recommended that once shutdown is called the
write method is no longer called.
§Panics
This function will panic if not called within the context of a future’s task.
Provided Methods§
Sourcefn poll_write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<usize, Error>
fn poll_write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<usize, Error>
Attempt to write bytes from buf into the object.
On success, returns Ok(Async::Ready(num_bytes_written)).
If the object is not ready for writing, the method returns
Ok(Async::NotReady) and arranges for the current task (via
cx.waker()) to receive a notification when the object becomes
readable or is closed.
Sourcefn poll_flush(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>
fn poll_flush(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>
Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination.
On success, returns Ok(Async::Ready(())).
If flushing cannot immediately complete, this method returns
Ok(Async::NotReady) and arranges for the current task (via
cx.waker()) to receive a notification when the object can make
progress towards flushing.